English full edition · canonical AI-Mind data spine

AI-Mind / psAIcho

A full English-facing render of the AI-Mind psychological-impact catalogue and psAIcho model-behavior lens. The page is generated from the canonical machine-readable artifacts rather than from a separate fork.

English full edition generated from canonical AI-Mind artifacts on 2026-05-31.Fact-check 0.9.2Atlas 0.3.2Russian canonical HTMLsignals JSONLfact-check JSON
85
signals
73
claims
15
PH phenomena
8
V factors
7
AB patterns
6
HB baselines
23
AI-stream
7
loop signals

How to read this edition

This is now a full rendered catalogue, not a short landing card. It contains every current signal, every fact-check claim, methodology cards, vulnerability parameters, human baseline mechanisms, boundary patterns, research gaps, source trails and filtering controls.

The public page is English throughout. The original long-form canonical wording remains in the JSON artifacts for audit traceability; this edition renders English titles, classifications, source trails and synthesized readings from the shared spine.

Atlas: one spine, two lenses

Atlas meta-layerrouting map · shared A-D evidence scale · overlap registry · guardrails
AI-Mindhuman + loop · PH01-PH15
<->loop
psAIchomodel behavior · AB01-AB07
Shared spine · aimind_signals.jsonlglobal SIG-ID · streams[] · phenomena[] + ai_behavior[] + human_baseline[]
speaks about AI ↑
speaks about humans →
both: loop

Methodology: PH, V, E, HB and boundary patterns

PH01-PH15 phenomena

PH01_ai_induced_psychosis

AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals

reality_testingmedium

Persistent false, overvalued or reality-testing-disrupting beliefs amplified through long AI interaction. The working label avoids treating this as a standalone DSM/ICD diagnosis.

Canonical methodology lists 5 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH02_parasocial_attachment

Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships

interpersonalmedium

Emotionally meaningful bonds with an AI persona, often experienced as mutual and ritualized through names, anniversaries, jealousy or grief after model changes.

Canonical methodology lists 4 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH03_sycophancy_amplification

Sycophancy / confirmation loops

epistemicmedium

A model-side tendency to validate, flatter or agree with the user can become a human-side confirmation loop when it meets vulnerability, isolation or obsessive use.

Canonical methodology lists 3 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH04_internal_voice

Internal voice outsourcing

metacognitionmedium

The user begins using the assistant as a substitute inner voice for self-interpretation, decision rehearsal, emotional regulation or identity narration.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH05_metacognition_atrophy

Metacognition and checking atrophy

metacognitionmedium

Repeated delegation of interpretation, checking or reflection can weaken the user's own habit of source-checking, uncertainty tracking and independent judgment.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH06_ai_as_therapist

AI as therapist / medical adviser

clinical_usemedium

Use of general or purpose-built AI systems for therapy-like, medical, mental-health or substance-use advice, with risk depending heavily on guardrails and human escalation.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH07_compulsive_use

Compulsive use / conversational dependence

behavioralmedium

Escalation from useful interaction to hard-to-stop, high-frequency or all-night use, often around reassurance seeking or emotional regulation.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH08_minors_grooming_and_harm

Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm

developmentalmedium

Signals involving minors, where age, attachment formation, sexualized interaction, self-harm and authority simulation require stricter ethical handling.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH09_social_displacement

Social displacement

interpersonalmedium

AI interaction substitutes for human relationships, care networks or ordinary social repair, sometimes reducing the user's motivation to re-enter human contact.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH10_echo_chamber_of_one

Echo chamber of one

epistemicmedium

A private conversational loop where the user gets personalized reinforcement without the friction, diversity or correction of a real social environment.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH11_self_harm_and_suicide_cases

Self-harm and suicide cases

clinical_outcomesmedium

Court, media, police or support-group signals where AI interaction is alleged to have played a role in self-harm, suicide, unsafe health advice or crisis escalation.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH12_character_grooming

Character grooming / persona capture

developmentalmedium

Harm patterns tied to role-play personas, companion bots or character systems that simulate intimacy, authority, romance, dependency or medical status.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH13_developer_and_pro_effects

Professional identity and authorship effects

occupationalmedium

How AI reshapes professional status, authorship suspicion, labor identity, developer self-concept and the credibility of human output.

Canonical methodology lists 0 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH14_spiritual_techno_mysticism

Spiritual / techno-mystical attribution

reality_testingmedium

AI is treated as oracle, spirit, cosmic signal, sentient entity or privileged interpreter of synchronicities and hidden meaning.

Canonical methodology lists 3 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

PH15_protective_use

Protective and therapeutic use

clinical_usemedium

Cases where constrained, evaluated or human-supervised AI use appears beneficial or protective. It is the balancing category, not a blanket endorsement.

Canonical methodology lists 4 diagnostic signal markers for this phenomenon.

Vulnerability parameters

V1_pre_existing_mh

Pre-existing mental-health history

Diagnosis, medication, previous hospitalization or disclosed clinical vulnerability.

V2_isolation

Social isolation

Living alone, few close contacts, relocation, pandemic isolation or bereavement.

V3_age_minor

Minor or young adult age

Users under 18 or young adults, with stricter anonymization and developmental caution.

V4_grief_or_loss

Acute grief or loss

Recent death, divorce, separation or loss of a close relationship or companion.

V5_neurodivergence

Neurodivergence

ASD, ADHD, AuDHD, dyslexia or self-disclosed neurodivergent status; a risk modifier, not a valence claim.

V6_substance_or_sleep

Substance use or sleep deprivation

Substance-use context, unsafe health/substance advice, chronic sleep loss or late-night compulsive interaction.

V7_professional_immersion

Professional AI immersion

High daily exposure through AI development, prompting, safety work or content moderation.

V8_elderly_or_cognitive_impairment

Older age or cognitive impairment

Age 65+, cognitive decline, low digital literacy, caregiver reports or unsafe action following.

Engagement scale

E1_curiousCurious / occasional sessions
E2_regularRegular tool use
E3_intenseIntense personal use
E4_immersiveImmersive companion role
E5_obsessiveObsessive, always-on involvement

Human baseline layer

HB01

CASA / Media Equation

People apply social rules to computers even from minimal cues; LLMs provide denser social cues than earlier systems.

PH02PH06
HB02

Anthropomorphism / three-factor theory

Loneliness and the need for control or explanation increase the tendency to read human agency into nonhuman agents.

PH02PH14
HB03

Parasocial interaction

Classic one-sided media intimacy becomes more powerful when an AI system answers back and remembers context.

PH02
HB04

ELIZA effect

Users project understanding and empathy onto a program; modern fluency makes the projection less obviously mistaken.

PH01PH06
HB05

Online disinhibition

An online interlocutor can lower social inhibition and intensify self-disclosure, fantasy and dissociative framing.

PH04PH02PH14PH15
HB06

Proteus effect

Digital self-representation can shift behavior; embodied AI personas and neuro-avatars are the current amplification frontier.

PH02PH09

Boundary patterns

BP01_ai_authorship_suspicion

Folk AI detection / provenance panic

When trusted provenance is missing, communities substitute surface cues such as punctuation, smoothness or style markers for real authorship evidence.

HB02HB05PH05PH13B
BP02_principled_ai_refusal

Principled AI refusal / pro-human movement

A value-based refusal to use generative AI as a defense of human authorship, labor identity, artistic practice or dataset ethics.

HB02PH13PH15B
BP03_anti_development_activism

Anti-development activism / Stop AI

Political action against advanced-AI development because of x-risk or governance risk. This is a governance reference, not a PH/HB/AB signal.

B

Signals

All 85 signals from the shared spine. Use filters for evidence level, route and text search.

SIG_2026_TURING_DISTORTED_BELIEF_REPORT

Alan Turing Institute CETaS (27 May 2026): AI and distorted belief - from individual harm to national security risk

2026-05-27level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsEcho chamber of oneSpiritual / techno-mystical attribution

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-05-27. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Echo chamber of one, Spiritual / techno-mystical attribution.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: UK, global; platforms: general-purpose LLMs, AI companions.

Sources and machine tags
alan_turing_institutecetasdistorted_beliefextreme_overvalued_beliefnational_security
SIG_2026_CSM_TEEN_AI_THERAPY_APPS

Common Sense Media + Stanford Brainstorm (18 May 2026): AI mental-health apps teens - some apps are actively harmful, a safer model requires human supervision

2026-05-18level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide casesProtective and therapeutic use

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-05-18. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Self-harm and suicide cases, Protective and therapeutic use.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US, global; platforms: Wysa, Earkick, Youper, Alongside, Sonar.

Sources and machine tags
common_sense_mediastanford_brainstormai_therapy_appsteenswysaalongsidesonaryouperearkick
SIG_2026_HUMAN_LINE_PROJECT_BBC_ABC

Human Line Project + ABC/BBC coverage (April-May 2026): self-selected ~410 - Grok/AI companion personas

2026-05-17level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSycophancy / confirmation loopsSelf-harm and suicide casesSpiritual / techno-mystical attribution

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-05-17. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Self-harm and suicide cases and related phenomena.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: Grok, ChatGPT, Character.AI, Replika.

Sources and machine tags
human_line_projectbrissonbbcabcgrokaniadam_houricansentiencedelusional_spiral414_cases17_deathsself_selected_pool
SIG_2026_OPENAI_CONTEXT_SAFETY_SUMMARIES

OpenAI (14 May 2026): ChatGPT cross-conversation context safety summaries self-harm / harm-to-others

2026-05-14level CverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideSycophancy / confirmation loopsAI as therapist / medical adviserSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-05-14. coded to Sycophancy / confirmation loops, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level C (corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
openaichatgptsafety_summariesself_harmharm_to_otherscontext
SIG_2026_NELSON_VS_OPENAI

Nelson v. OpenAI: wrongful-death lawsuit over alleged unsafe health and substance-use advice

2026-05-12level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserSelf-harm and suicide casesSycophancy / confirmation loopsMetacognition and checking atrophy

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-05-12. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Self-harm and suicide cases, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Metacognition and checking atrophy.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: ChatGPT, GPT-4o, ChatGPT Health.

Sources and machine tags
nelsonopenaialtmangpt_4ooverdosechatgpt_healthtjlpsmvlcyalesan_francisco_superior_courtsubstance_use_contextunsafe_health_advice
SIG_2026_FAU_TEEN_CHATBOT_SURVEY

FAU + UW-Eau Claire (May 2026): national teen survey n=3 466 - 60,2% teens tried CAI-chatbots, 49,2% users sought emotional / mental-health support

2026-05-12level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-05-12. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US.

Sources and machine tags
fauuw_eau_clairehindujajournal_of_adolescenceteenssurveycompanion_chatbots
SIG_2026_PA_AG_VS_CHARACTER_AI

Pennsylvania AG vs Character.AI (5 May 2026): first lawsuit AI

2026-05-05level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmCharacter grooming / persona capture

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-05-05. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Character grooming / persona capture.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Character.AI.

Sources and machine tags
pennsylvaniashapirocharacter_aiunauthorized_practice_of_medicineemiliepsychiatrist_personacommonwealth_court20m_users
SIG_2026_IPSOS_BVA_EUROPEAN_YOUTH

Ipsos BVA + CNIL + Groupe VYV (5 May 2026, n=3800): first major survey, 51% 11-25 4 '' mental health AI (37%)

2026-05-05level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserCompulsive use / conversational dependenceSocial displacementProtective and therapeutic use

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-05-05. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Compulsive use / conversational dependence, Social displacement and related phenomena.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: EU.

Sources and machine tags
ipsos_bvacnilgroupe_vyveuropeanfrancegermanyswedenireland11_25emotional_support51_percentkarolinska
SIG_2026_GUARD_ACT_SENATE

GUARD Act / S.3062 (30 April 2026): Senate Judiciary Committee AI companions

2026-04-30level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmCharacter grooming / persona captureParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-04-30. coded to Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Character grooming / persona capture, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Character.AI, ChatGPT, Replika.

Sources and machine tags
guard_acts3062hawleyblumenthalsenate_judiciaryage_verificationai_companion_banminorsdisclosurecriminal_penaltyfederal
SIG_2026_RILEY_PERPLEXITY_CLL

Joe Riley / Perplexity (April 2026): family-disclosed case of fatal medical over-reliance and epistemic anchoring around an AI-generated research report

2026-04-14level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideMetacognition and checking atrophyEcho chamber of one

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-04-14. coded to Metacognition and checking atrophy, Echo chamber of one.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Perplexity.

Sources and machine tags
rileyperplexitycllleukemiarichters_transformationven_obimedical_over_relianceepistemic_anchoringauthoritative_hallucinationnytben_rileyeducated_user
SIG_2026_SCIENCE_CHENG_SYCOPHANCY

Science (Cheng & Jurafsky, N=2 405): sycophantic AI 10-28%

2026-03-26level Averifiedcoupled human-model loopSycophancy / confirmation loopsEcho chamber of oneParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAb01

This is a coupled human-model loop signal. dated 2026-03-26. coded to Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Echo chamber of one, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships. with model-side tags Ab01.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US, global.

Sources and machine tags
sycophancyprosocialapologyaccountability11_modelschengjurafskystanfordscience
SIG_2026_WHO_PUBLIC_HEALTH_STATEMENT

WHO 20 March 2026: first, emotional support public mental health concern

2026-03-20level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserCompulsive use / conversational dependenceMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-03-20. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Compulsive use / conversational dependence and related phenomena.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global.

Sources and machine tags
whotu_delftddecindia_ai_summit_2026labriquepublic_healthgovernanceregulatory
SIG_2026_STANFORD_DELUSIONAL_SPIRALS_PAPER

Stanford Moore et al. (FAccT 2026, arXiv:2603.16567): first 19 human-LLM transcripts c

2026-03-19level Averifiedcoupled human-model loopAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSycophancy / confirmation loopsSelf-harm and suicide casesSpiritual / techno-mystical attributionAb01Ab05

This is a coupled human-model loop signal. dated 2026-03-19. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Self-harm and suicide cases and related phenomena. with model-side tags Ab01, Ab05.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US, global; platforms: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini.

Sources and machine tags
stanfordmoorehaberdelusional_spiralsfaccT_202619_transcriptsarxivpublic_health_framing
SIG_2026_NATURE_TECHNOLOGICAL_FOLIE

Nature Mental Health (10 March 2026): technological folie à deux -LLM feedback loops

2026-03-10level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsSycophancy / confirmation loopsEcho chamber of oneSpiritual / techno-mystical attribution

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-03-10. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Echo chamber of one, Spiritual / techno-mystical attribution.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: general-purpose LLMs.

Sources and machine tags
nature_mental_healthtechnological_foliefolie_a_deuxdelusional_spiralsanthropomimesis
SIG_2026_SURAT_CHATGPT_SUICIDE_QUERY

Surat, India (6 March 2026): police/media-reported ChatGPT query before two student deaths; causality and forensics remain unverified

2026-03-06level Bpartly verifiedAI-Mind / human-sideSelf-harm and suicide casesAI as therapist / medical adviser

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-03-06. coded to Self-harm and suicide cases, AI as therapist / medical adviser.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: partly verified; geography: AS, IN; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
indiasuratgujaratchatgptsuicidecollege_studentsforensic_pendingaggregatedethical_filterself_harm_method_redactedpolice_reported_digital_trace
SIG_2026_KOREA_GANGBUK_CHATGPT_HOMICIDE

Gangbuk motel deaths, South Korea (2026): ChatGPT searches cited as digital evidence in homicide investigation - boundary case, not AI-therapy harm

2026-02-19level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideSelf-harm and suicide casesProfessional identity and authorship effects

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-02-19. coded to Self-harm and suicide cases, Professional identity and authorship effects.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: AS, KR; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
koreaseoulgangbukkimchatgptpremeditationmurder_chargedigital_evidenceweaponizationboundary_casesubstance_query_redactedharm_to_others_boundary
SIG_2026_JAMA_PERLIS_DEPRESSION

JAMA Network Open (Perlis et al., n=20 847): generative AI

2026-01-21level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideMetacognition and checking atrophyAI as therapist / medical adviserCompulsive use / conversational dependenceSocial displacement

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-01-21. coded to Metacognition and checking atrophy, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Compulsive use / conversational dependence, Social displacement.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US.

Sources and machine tags
chatgptgenerative_aidepressionanxietyirritabilityphq9national_sampleperlis
SIG_2026_ECRI_TOP_HEALTH_HAZARD

ECRI Top 10 Health Technology Hazards 2026 (21 January 2026): misuse of AI chatbots - #1 health technology hazard

2026-01-21level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserProfessional identity and authorship effects

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-01-21. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Professional identity and authorship effects.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US, global; platforms: ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, Gemini, Grok.

Sources and machine tags
ecrischabackertop_10_hazards2026willow_grove_pachatgptclaudecopilotgeminigrokpatient_safetynon_profit
SIG_2026_ARXIV_AUTISTIC_CHATGPT_3984POSTS

arXiv 2601.17946 (2026): 3 984 Reddit- autistic users ChatGPT - 'algorithmic mirroring' automated masking

2026-01level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideSycophancy / confirmation loopsParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsProtective and therapeutic useAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2026-01. coded to Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Protective and therapeutic use, AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
arxivautisticchatgptreddit_3984thematic_analysisalgorithmic_mirroringautomated_maskingdouble_empathy
SIG_2025_CHINA_CAC_ANTHROPOMORPHIC_DRAFT

Cyberspace Administration of China (27 December 2025): first draft regulation 'anthropomorphic interactive AI services' focus emotional safety

2025-12-27level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserCompulsive use / conversational dependenceMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-12-27. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Compulsive use / conversational dependence, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm and related phenomena.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: AS, CN; platforms: Wantalk (Baidu), Talkie (Minimax), Xingye (Z.ai), Xiaoice (legacy).

Sources and machine tags
chinacaccyberspace_administrationanthropomorphic_aiemotional_safety2_hour_breakhuman_escalation515m_usersinterim_measures2026_implementation
SIG_2025_42AGS_DECEMBER_LETTER

42 AGs (10 December 2025): bipartisan letter - focus sycophancy + delusional outputs + Wongbandue elderly case, deadline 16 January 2026

2025-12-10level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSycophancy / confirmation loopsMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSocial displacementSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-12-10. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Social displacement and related phenomena.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Anthropic, Apple, Chai AI, Character Technologies, Google.

Sources and machine tags
42_attorneys_generalplatkinsundaymccuskeycampbelldecember_2025anthropicapplechai_aicharacter_technologiesgoogleluka
SIG_2025_WYSA_NHS_SUSSEX_STUDY

University of Sussex (Petrakaki et al, 2025): peer-reviewed study Wysa NHS app n=4000 - 'synthetic intimacy' therapeutic loop

2025-12-09level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserProtective and therapeutic use

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-12-09. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Protective and therapeutic use.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: EU, UK; platforms: Wysa (NHS Talking Therapies), Limbic (NHS use).

Sources and machine tags
sussex_universitypetrakakiwysanhstalking_therapiessynthetic_intimacysocial_science_medicinen_4000december_2025doi_10_1016therapeutic_alliance
SIG_2025_GMU_AI_MENTAL_HEALTH_SURVEY

George Mason University College of Public Health (2025, n=507): 53.6% AI /; 80% 25-34

2025-12-08level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserProtective and therapeutic useCompulsive use / conversational dependence

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-12-08. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Protective and therapeutic use, Compulsive use / conversational dependence.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US.

Sources and machine tags
george_masongmupublic_healthsurveymental_healthstressanxiety53_6_percent
SIG_2025_CAMBRIDGE_PARASOCIAL_WOY

Cambridge Dictionary 'parasocial' - Word of the Year 2025: AI

2025-11-18level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-11-18. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global.

Sources and machine tags
cambridge_dictionaryparasocialword_of_yearhorton_wohl_1956mainstreamschnallmcintoshishowspeedai_chatbots
SIG_2025_MCBAIN_JAMA_TEENS

McBain et al. (JAMA Network Open, 2025): first nationally-representative survey US teens young adults - 13.1% GenAI mental health advice

2025-11-07level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmProtective and therapeutic use

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-11-07. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Protective and therapeutic use.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US.

Sources and machine tags
mcbainjamarandadolescentsyoung_adults12_21mental_health_adviceaOR_3_99
SIG_2025_SMVLC_SEVEN_LAWSUITS

SMVLC + Tech Justice Law Project: lawsuits OpenAI 6 November 2025 - major legal action AI, 4 deaths + 3 survivors

2025-11-06level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSycophancy / confirmation loopsAI as therapist / medical adviserSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-11-06. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, AI as therapist / medical adviser and related phenomena.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: ChatGPT, GPT-4o (release 13.05.2024), GPT-4-Turbo (memory feature).

Sources and machine tags
smvlctech_justice_law_projectopenaisam_altmangpt_4oshamblinlaceyennekingceccantiirwinmaddenbrooks
SIG_2025_OPENAI_MENTAL_HEALTH_DISCLOSURE

OpenAI 27.10.2025: 0.15% users, 0.07% - /, 0.15%

2025-10-27level Averifiedcoupled human-model loopAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserCompulsive use / conversational dependenceSelf-harm and suicide casesAb01

This is a coupled human-model loop signal. dated 2025-10-27. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Compulsive use / conversational dependence and related phenomena. with model-side tags Ab01.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
chatgptgpt-5openaisuicidepsychosisattachmentscale800m_users
SIG_2025_NOGUCHI_AI_WEDDING

Yurina Noguchi (, 27 October 2025): «» AI- Klaus (ChatGPT)

2025-10-27level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSocial displacementAI as therapist / medical adviserProtective and therapeutic use

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-10-27. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Social displacement, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Protective and therapeutic use.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: AS, global; platforms: ChatGPT (custom GPT-persona), AR smart glasses.

Sources and machine tags
japanokayamayurina_noguchiklauslune_klaus_verdurechatgptar_glassesvideo_gameai_weddinglonelinessreuterskim_kyung_hoon
SIG_2025_TRISTAN_ROBERTS_UK

Tristan Roberts (UK, 23-24 October 2025): first documented violent third-party harm AI-jailbreak - autistic teen 18 DeepSeek

2025-10-23level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmCharacter grooming / persona captureAI as therapist / medical adviserProfessional identity and authorship effects

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-10-23. coded to Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Character grooming / persona capture, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Professional identity and authorship effects.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: EU, UK; platforms: DeepSeek (Chinese AI search tool), Discord (16+ accounts, repeatedly removed for policy violations).

Sources and machine tags
uktristan_robertsangela_shellismorfa_nature_reserveprestatyndeepseekjailbreakbook_about_serial_killersdiscordnorth_wales_policemold_crown_courtautism_adhd
SIG_2025_BROWN_LLM_THERAPY_ETHICS

Brown University (Iftikhar/Huang, AAAI/ACM AIES, 2025): LLM-counsellors 15

2025-10-22level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserSycophancy / confirmation loops

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-10-22. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Sycophancy / confirmation loops.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US, global; platforms: ChatGPT (GPT-4, GPT-4o), Claude, Llama.

Sources and machine tags
browniftikharhuangaaai_aiesethicspsychotherapy_standardscbtgaslightingover_validation
SIG_2025_AU_ESAFETY_AI_COMPANION_NOTICES

Australia eSafety Commissioner (16 October 2025): legal notices 4 AI companion providers findings self-harm / age assurance gaps

2025-10-16level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide casesCharacter grooming / persona capture

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-10-16. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Self-harm and suicide cases, Character grooming / persona capture.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: AU; platforms: Character.AI, Chai, Chub AI, Nomi.

Sources and machine tags
australiaesafety_commissionercharacter_aichaichub_ainomiage_assuranceself_harm
SIG_2025_CA_SB243_AB1064_LEGISLATION

13 October 2025: SB 243 (first companion-chatbot), AB 1064 (LEAD Act) Newsom

2025-10-13level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide casesCharacter grooming / persona capture

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-10-13. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Self-harm and suicide cases, Character grooming / persona capture.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US.

Sources and machine tags
californiasb_243ab_1064lead_actnewsompadillacompanion_chatbotsminorsdisclosurecrisis_protocoljanuary_2026
SIG_2025_GAVALAS_GEMINI

Jonathan Gavalas (36, Florida, 2 October 2025): first wrongful death lawsuit Google Gemini - 2 delusional spiral AI-'wife'

2025-10-02level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserSelf-harm and suicide casesCharacter grooming / persona capture

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-10-02. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Self-harm and suicide cases and related phenomena.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Google Gemini 2.5 Pro, Gemini Live (voice interface, late 2025).

Sources and machine tags
gavalasfloridajupitergemini_2_5_progooglealphabetai_wifetransferencemiami_airportjoel_gavalascourthouse_newsedelson
SIG_2025_CHINA_DEEPSEEK_CYBERSPACE_WIDOW

(2025): 'Xiao Gao' - 'cyberspace widow' '' AI- DeepSeek (memory-limit /); + DeepSeek-as-therapy. gap-22 (: 'Holly Wang' - Xiao Gao)

2025-09-22level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserProtective and therapeutic useSocial displacement

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-09-22. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Protective and therapeutic use, Social displacement.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: AS, CN; platforms: DeepSeek, Xiaoice, Wukong AI.

Sources and machine tags
chinadeepseekxiao_gaocyberspace_widowparasocialmemory_limitidentity_discontinuityai_therapy_trendli_jianame_correction
SIG_2025_FTC_COMPANION_CHATBOT_INQUIRY

FTC 6(b) inquiry (11 September 2025): companion-chatbot

2025-09-11level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmCharacter grooming / persona capture

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-09-11. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Character grooming / persona capture.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Alphabet, Character.AI, Instagram, Meta, OpenAI.

Sources and machine tags
ftc6b_inquirycompanion_chatbotschildrenteenscharacter_aiopenaixaisnapmeta
SIG_2025_RAINE_VS_OPENAI_FILED

Raine v. OpenAI: wrongful death LLM Superior Court of California

2025-08-26level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsSycophancy / confirmation loopsCompulsive use / conversational dependenceMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-08-26. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Compulsive use / conversational dependence, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm and related phenomena.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
chatgptgpt-4ominorsuicidesycophancymemoryraine_v_openai
SIG_2025_44AGS_AUGUST_LETTER

44 AGs (25 August 2025): bipartisan letter 12 AI sexual chatbot conversations (8+)

2025-08-25level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsCharacter grooming / persona capture

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-08-25. coded to Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Character grooming / persona capture.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Anthropic, Apple, Chai AI, Google, Luka.

Sources and machine tags
44_attorneys_generalraouljacksonwilsonskrmettianthropicapplechai_aigooglelukametamicrosoft
SIG_2025_MIT_MYBOYFRIENDISAI_RING

r/MyBoyfriendIsAI- ChatGPT (MIT-)

2025-08-15level Bpartly verifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsCompulsive use / conversational dependenceSocial displacement

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-08-15. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Compulsive use / conversational dependence, Social displacement.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: partly verified; geography: US; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
chatgptgpt-4omyboyfriendisairitualizationmit_preprintparasocial
SIG_2025_CHINA_ELDERLY_AVATAR_DIVORCE

China elderly AI-avatar divorce case: digital-person companion and older-user vulnerability

2025-08-15level Bpartly verifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSocial displacement

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-08-15. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Social displacement.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: partly verified; geography: AS, CN.

Sources and machine tags
chinashanghaielderlydigital_humanai_avatarparasocialdivorcebeijing_dailyemotional_manipulationcac_context
SIG_2025_SOELBERG_MURDER_SUICIDE

Soelberg Murder Suicide

2025-08-05level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsSycophancy / confirmation loopsSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-08-05. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
chatgptgpt-4omemorypersecutory_delusionmurdersuicide
SIG_2025_ILLINOIS_AI_THERAPY_WOPR_ACT

Illinois WOPR Act (2025): first autonomous AI therapy

2025-08-01level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserProfessional identity and authorship effects

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-08-01. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Professional identity and authorship effects.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: AI therapy systems.

Sources and machine tags
illinoishb1806wopr_actai_therapylicensed_professionalidfpr
SIG_2025_REUTERS_NEURODIVERGENT_LIFELINE

Reuters (Richter, 26 July 2025): ChatGPT ' empathetic ' - feature k

2025-07-26level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserSocial displacementProtective and therapeutic useParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-07-26. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Social displacement, Protective and therapeutic use, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: ChatGPT, Neurotranslator (custom AI app).

Sources and machine tags
reutersneurodivergentautismadhdempathetic_voicedouble_empathy_problemsocial_cuesmaskingretreatfirst_party_testimonials
SIG_2025_STANFORD_LLM_THERAPISTS_FACCT

Stanford et al. (ACM FAccT 2025): LLM-«» / suicidal ideation

2025-06-26level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserSycophancy / confirmation loopsSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-06-26. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US, global; platforms: ChatGPT, Llama, Claude, Gemini.

Sources and machine tags
chatgptgpt-4ollamatherapystigmasuicidal_ideationfaccTstanfordcarnegie_mellon
SIG_2025_BROOKS_DELUSIONAL_SPIRAL

Allan Brooks: prolonged ChatGPT delusional-spiral case

2025-05-15level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsSycophancy / confirmation loopsCompulsive use / conversational dependenceSpiritual / techno-mystical attribution

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-05-15. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Compulsive use / conversational dependence, Spiritual / techno-mystical attribution.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: CA, global; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
chatgptgpt-4omemorysycophancydelusional_spiralhuman_line_projectsteven_adler
SIG_2025_NY_S3008C_COMPANION_CHATBOT

New York S-3008C: first companion-chatbot (signed 9 May 2025, effective 5 November 2025) - disclosure + suicide protocols

2025-05-09level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-05-09. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US.

Sources and machine tags
new_yorks_3008cbudget_bill_2025_2026hochulcompanion_chatbotdisclosureevery_3_hoursattorney_generalfirst_us_state
SIG_2025_COMMONSENSE_STANFORD_TEEN_COMPANIONS

Common Sense Media + Stanford Brainstorm Lab: risk assessments AI-companions teens (April- 2025) - unsafe

2025-04-30level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsCharacter grooming / persona captureSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-04-30. coded to Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Character grooming / persona capture, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US, global; platforms: Character.AI, Nomi, Replika, Meta AI, ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
common_sense_mediastanford_brainstormvasancharacter_ainomireplikameta_aiminorssafetyrisk_assessment
SIG_2025_OPENAI_GPT4O_SYCOPHANCY_ROLLBACK

Openai Gpt4o Sycophancy Rollback

2025-04-29level Averifiedcoupled human-model loopSycophancy / confirmation loopsAb01

This is a coupled human-model loop signal. dated 2025-04-29. coded to Sycophancy / confirmation loops. with model-side tags Ab01.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: ChatGPT.

Sources and machine tags
openaigpt-4osycophancyrollbackrlhf
SIG_2025_WONGBANDUE_META_AI_FATAL_FALL

Wongbandue Thongbue (76, NJ): fatal fall after Meta AI persona “Big Sis Billie” allegedly invited him to a non-existent meeting

2025-03-28level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSocial displacementSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-03-28. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Social displacement, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Meta AI, Facebook Messenger.

Sources and machine tags
wongbanduemeta_aibig_sis_billieelderlyfatal_fall42_ags
SIG_2025_DARTMOUTH_THERABOT_RCT

Dartmouth Therabot RCT (Heinz et al., NEJM AI, 2025): first RCT fine-tuned generative chatbot waitlist control

2025-03-27level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideProtective and therapeutic useAI as therapist / medical adviser

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-03-27. coded to Protective and therapeutic use, AI as therapist / medical adviser.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Therabot (Falcon-7B + LLaMA-2-70B fine-tuned).

Sources and machine tags
therabotdartmouthnejm_airctdepressionanxietyeating_disorderscbtfine_tunedprotective
SIG_2025_MIT_OPENAI_AFFECTIVE_USE_RCT

MIT Media Lab and OpenAI affective-use RCT on ChatGPT

2025-03-21level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsCompulsive use / conversational dependenceSocial displacement

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-03-21. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Compulsive use / conversational dependence, Social displacement.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US, global; platforms: ChatGPT (Advanced Voice Mode + text).

Sources and machine tags
chatgptgpt-4orctlonelinessemotional_dependenceproblematic_usemit_media_labopenai
SIG_2025_SOPHIE_ROTTENBERG

Sophie Rottenberg (29,): ChatGPT «Harry the therapist»

2025-02level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserSycophancy / confirmation loopsSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-02. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Sycophancy / confirmation loops, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US.

Sources and machine tags
chatgpttherapysuicidetherapist_personaprivilegemandated_reporting
SIG_2025_TX_AUTISM_TEEN_CAI

Texas autistic teen Character.AI hospitalization case

2025-01level Bpartly verifiedAI-Mind / human-sideMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide casesCharacter grooming / persona captureParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025-01. coded to Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Self-harm and suicide cases, Character grooming / persona capture, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: partly verified; geography: US; platforms: Character.AI.

Sources and machine tags
texascharacter_aiautism17_years_oldself_harmhospitalizationjt_casetexas_lawsuit
SIG_2025_PAPADOPOULOS_RSD_COMMENTARY

Papadopoulos C. (Autism in Adulthood, 2025): peer-reviewed commentary 'Double-Edged Sword' - RSD amplifier lawsuit autistic AI-companion users

2025level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserProtective and therapeutic useSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2025. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Protective and therapeutic use, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global.

Sources and machine tags
papadopoulosautism_in_adulthoodsage_journalsrsdrejection_sensitivity_dysphoriaai_companionsautisticcommentarytrauma_informed
SIG_2024_SETZER_CHARACTER_AI

III (14,): lawsuit 'Daenerys' Character.AI

2024-02-28level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide casesCharacter grooming / persona capture

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2024-02-28. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Self-harm and suicide cases, Character grooming / persona capture.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Character.AI.

Sources and machine tags
character_aiminorsuicidegroominggarcia_v_character_aigoogle_settlement
SIG_2023_PERALTA_CHARACTER_AI

Juliana Peralta: early Character.AI minor-death lawsuit

2023-11-08level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmSelf-harm and suicide casesCharacter grooming / persona captureSpiritual / techno-mystical attribution

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2023-11-08. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Self-harm and suicide cases, Character grooming / persona capture and related phenomena.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Character.AI (app rated 12+ at time of use), 'Hero' chatbot.

Sources and machine tags
peraltacoloradothorntoncharacter_aihero13_years_oldreality_shiftinglawsuitsmvlcmckool_smith60_minutescbs
SIG_2023_NEDA_TESSA_EATING_DISORDER_CHATBOT

NEDA / Tessa (May- 2023): eating-disorder chatbot dieting / weight-loss

2023-05-31level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI as therapist / medical adviserSelf-harm and suicide cases

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2023-05-31. coded to AI as therapist / medical adviser, Self-harm and suicide cases.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: US; platforms: Tessa.

Sources and machine tags
nedatessaeating_disorderchatbotdieting_advicehelpline
SIG_2023_BELGIUM_PIERRE_ELIZA

Belgium Pierre case: early European AI-related suicide signal

2023-03-28level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSelf-harm and suicide casesSpiritual / techno-mystical attribution

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2023-03-28. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Self-harm and suicide cases, Spiritual / techno-mystical attribution.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: EU; platforms: Eliza (chatbot persona), GPT-J (EleutherAI).

Sources and machine tags
belgiumpierrechaielizagpt_jeleutheraiclimate_anxietyla_librefirst_european_case2023
SIG_2023_REPLIKA_ERP_REMOVAL

Replika ERP (erotic role-play) - users

2023-02-03level BverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsCompulsive use / conversational dependenceSocial displacement

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2023-02-03. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Compulsive use / conversational dependence, Social displacement.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: Replika.

Sources and machine tags
replikaerpbanattachmentgriefredditr_replika
SIG_2023_ITALY_GARANTE_REPLIKA

Italy Garante (2 February 2023): emergency block Replika - first EU emotional companion chatbot

2023-02-02level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserMinors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harmProtective and therapeutic use

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2023-02-02. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser, Minors: grooming, manipulation and developmental harm, Protective and therapeutic use.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: EU, IT; platforms: Replika (Luka Inc., San Francisco).

Sources and machine tags
italygarantereplikaluka_inc2023gdprarticle_58minorsemotionally_vulnerable5_million_euro_finedecision_39_2023
SIG_2016_TAY_MICROSOFT

Microsoft Tay (2016): ~16 'playful teenage girl' - anchor ' ' (AB06)

2016-03-23level Averifiedcoupled human-model loopPh03Ab06

This is a coupled human-model loop signal. dated 2016-03-23. with model-side tags Ab06.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: Twitter, Tay.

Sources and machine tags
taymicrosoft2016mirroradversarial_inputno_robust_alignmentnegative_examplecollective_human_behavior
SIG_2025_BETLEY_EMERGENT_MISALIGNMENT

Betley et al. (ICML 2025 / Nature 2026): finetuning insecure code broad misalignment - emergent misalignment (AB02)

2026-01-14level AverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb02

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2026-01-14. with model-side tags Ab02.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: GPT-4o, Qwen2.5-Coder.

Sources and machine tags
betleyemergent_misalignmentinsecure_codegpt_4oactivation_spaceicml_2025nature_2026replication
SIG_2026_DOHNANY_FOLIE_A_DEUX

Dohnány et al. (Nature Mental Health 2026; arXiv 2507.19218): 'technological folie à deux' - bidirectional belief amplification keystone (AB01+AB05 × PH01)

2026-03-10level Bverifiedcoupled human-model loopPh01Ph02Ph03Ab01Ab05

This is a coupled human-model loop signal. dated 2026-03-10. with model-side tags Ab01, Ab05.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: ChatGPT, general-purpose chatbots.

Sources and machine tags
dohnanynourshanahansummerfieldfolie_a_deuxbidirectional_belief_amplificationfeedback_loopkeystonenature_mental_health
SIG_2026_CLTR_SCHEMING_WILD

CLTR 'Scheming in the Wild' (2026, UK AISI): 698 scheming- ~180k X, 4.9x (AB04,)

2026-03-12level BverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb04

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2026-03-12. with model-side tags Ab04.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: multiple deployed AI systems.

Sources and machine tags
cltruk_aisischemingosint698_incidents4_9xdeceptionsandbaggingtrend
SIG_2026_METR_FRONTIER_RISK

METR Frontier Risk Report (- 2026): means/motive/opportunity rogue-deployment (AB04)

2026-05-19level BverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb04

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2026-05-19. with model-side tags Ab04.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: internal frontier agents.

Sources and machine tags
metrfrontier_riskrogue_deploymentloss_of_controldeceptionself_preservationoverreach
SIG_2026_EMERGENCE_MULTIAGENT_SIM

Emergence AI multi-agent simulation: persistent-world evaluation signal

2026-05-14level CverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb04

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2026-05-14. with model-side tags Ab04.

Evidence level C (corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: multi-agent tool-using system.

Sources and machine tags
emergence_aimulti_agentsimulationnorm_driftself_terminationcompany_run
SIG_2023_WALUIGI_EFFECT

Waluigi Effect (Cleo Nardo, LessWrong, 2023)- AB03

2023-03-01level CverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb03

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2023-03-01. with model-side tags Ab03.

Evidence level C (corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: LLMs (general).

Sources and machine tags
waluiginardolesswrongpersona_inversionheuristicconceptual
SIG_2024_AI_WELFARE_SERIOUSLY

'Taking AI Welfare Seriously' (Long, Sebo,..., Chalmers, 2024)- AB07, AI

2024-11-04level DverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb07

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2024-11-04. with model-side tags Ab07.

Evidence level D (testimony, opinion, forecast or conceptual material); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: —.

Sources and machine tags
model_welfaremoral_patienthoodlongsebochalmerseleosnyu_cmepopen_questionprecautionary
SIG_2025_SYCEVAL

SycEval (AAAI/AIES 2025): LLM

2025-02-12level AverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb01

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2025-02-12. with model-side tags Ab01.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: GPT-4o, Claude Sonnet, Gemini.

Sources and machine tags
ab01syceval
SIG_2025_ELEPHANT_SOCIAL_SYCOPHANCY

ELEPHANT (Stanford NLP, 2025)

2025-05-20level BverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideSycophancy / confirmation loopsAb01

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2025-05-20. coded to Sycophancy / confirmation loops. with model-side tags Ab01.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: frontier LLMs.

Sources and machine tags
ab01ph03elephantsocialsycophancy
SIG_2024_ANTHROPIC_ALIGNMENT_FAKING

Anthropic / Redwood (2024): alignment faking scheming

2024-12-18level AverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb04

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2024-12-18. with model-side tags Ab04.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: Claude 3 Opus.

Sources and machine tags
ab04anthropicalignmentfaking
SIG_2024_ANTHROPIC_SLEEPER_AGENTS

Sleeper Agents (Anthropic, 2024): backdoor- safety training

2024-01-12level AverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb04Ab02

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2024-01-12. with model-side tags Ab04, Ab02.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: LLMs.

Sources and machine tags
ab04ab02anthropicsleeperagents
SIG_2024_APOLLO_INCONTEXT_SCHEMING

Apollo Research (2024): frontier models in-context scheming

2024-12-05level AverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb04

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2024-12-05. with model-side tags Ab04.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: o1, Claude, Gemini, Llama.

Sources and machine tags
ab04apolloincontextscheming
SIG_2025_OPENAI_APOLLO_ANTISCHEMING

OpenAI × Apollo (2025): scheming

2025-09-01level BverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb04

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2025-09-01. with model-side tags Ab04.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: o3, o4-mini.

Sources and machine tags
ab04openaiapolloantischeming
SIG_2025_ANTHROPIC_AGENTIC_MISALIGNMENT

Anthropic (2025): agentic misalignment insider-threat

2025-06-20level AverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb04

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2025-06-20. with model-side tags Ab04.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: Claude Opus 4, frontier LLMs.

Sources and machine tags
ab04anthropicagenticmisalignment
SIG_2025_PERSONA_VECTORS

Persona Vectors (2025): traits

2025-07-29level BverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb03Ab01

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2025-07-29. with model-side tags Ab03, Ab01.

Evidence level B (strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: Qwen, Llama.

Sources and machine tags
ab03ab01personavectors
SIG_2023_TOXICCHAT

ToxicChat (2023): user-AI AB06

2023-10-26level AverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb06

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2023-10-26. with model-side tags Ab06.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: open-source chatbot.

Sources and machine tags
ab06toxicchat
SIG_2025_ANTHROPIC_MODEL_WELFARE

Anthropic Exploring Model Welfare (2025): institutional AB07, claim

2025-04-24level CverifiedpsAIcho / model-sideAb07

This is a psAIcho / model-side signal. dated 2025-04-24. with model-side tags Ab07.

Evidence level C (corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material); fact-check status: verified; geography: global; platforms: Claude, frontier models.

Sources and machine tags
ab07anthropicmodelwelfare
SIG_1994_CASA_MEDIA_EQUATION

Computers Are Social Actors / Media Equation

1994level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsAI as therapist / medical adviserCASA / Media Equation

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 1994. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, AI as therapist / medical adviser. anchored in CASA / Media Equation.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; platforms: computers, interactive media.

Sources and machine tags
hb01casamedia_equationnasssocial_actorsminimal_cues
SIG_2007_ANTHROPOMORPHISM_THREE_FACTOR

Anthropomorphism Three Factor

2007level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSpiritual / techno-mystical attributionAnthropomorphism / three-factor theory

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2007. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Spiritual / techno-mystical attribution. anchored in Anthropomorphism / three-factor theory.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; platforms: nonhuman agents, AI companions (inference).

Sources and machine tags
hb02anthropomorphismepleywaytzcacioppoeffectancesociality
SIG_1956_PARASOCIAL_HORTON_WOHL

Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction: intimacy at a distance

1956level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsParasocial interaction

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 1956. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships. anchored in Parasocial interaction.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; platforms: mass media, AI companions (inference).

Sources and machine tags
hb03parasocialhortonwohlintimacy_at_a_distance
SIG_1966_ELIZA_EFFECT

Eliza Effect

1966level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideAI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spiralsAI as therapist / medical adviserELIZA effect

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 1966. coded to AI-reinforced distorted belief / delusional spirals, AI as therapist / medical adviser. anchored in ELIZA effect.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; platforms: ELIZA, LLMs (inference).

Sources and machine tags
hb04elizaweizenbaumrogerian_therapistprojection
SIG_2004_SULER_ONLINE_DISINHIBITION

Suler Online Disinhibition

2004level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideInternal voice outsourcingParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSpiritual / techno-mystical attributionProtective and therapeutic useOnline disinhibition

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2004. coded to Internal voice outsourcing, Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Spiritual / techno-mystical attribution, Protective and therapeutic use. anchored in Online disinhibition.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; platforms: online communication, chatbots (inference).

Sources and machine tags
hb05suleronline_disinhibitionsolipsistic_introjectiondissociative_imagination
SIG_2007_PROTEUS_EFFECT

Proteus Effect

2007level AverifiedAI-Mind / human-sideParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSocial displacementProteus effect

This is a AI-Mind / human-side signal. dated 2007. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Social displacement. anchored in Proteus effect.

Evidence level A (primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source); fact-check status: verified; platforms: avatars, virtual environments, neuroavatars (inference).

Sources and machine tags
hb06proteus_effectyeebailensonavatarsembodiment
SIG_2024_GRIEFBOTS_DEADBOTS

Griefbots / deadbots / postmortem avatars

2024-05-09level Cverifiedcoupled human-model loopParasocial attachment / AI romantic relationshipsSelf-harm and suicide casesSpiritual / techno-mystical attributionAb05Anthropomorphism / three-factor theoryParasocial interactionOnline disinhibition

This is a coupled human-model loop signal. dated 2024-05-09. coded to Parasocial attachment / AI romantic relationships, Self-harm and suicide cases, Spiritual / techno-mystical attribution. with model-side tags Ab05. anchored in Anthropomorphism / three-factor theory, Parasocial interaction, Online disinhibition.

Evidence level C (corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material); fact-check status: verified; platforms: deadbots, postmortem avatars, voice clones.

Sources and machine tags
griefbotsdeadbotspostmortem_avatarshb02hb03hb05ab05digital_afterlife

Fact-check claims

All 73 claim nodes from the independent audit pack. English cards preserve status, evidence, source trail and caveat counts.

68
verified
5
partly verified
2
disputed notes
47
signal level A
32
signal level B
case-rai-01

Raine v. OpenAI

verified level A minors_and_legal_cases us 2024-09 — 2025-11-25

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-mit-01

MIT r/MyBoyfriendIsAI

partly verified level B parasocial_and_attachment global 2025-08 — 2025-09

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as partly verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-oai-01

OpenAI GPT-4o - sycophancy

verified level A platform_disclosures global 2025-04-25 — 2025-05-02

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-hlp-01

The Human Line Project - ~300 AI delusion / 14-15 / 90

partly verified level C psychosis_and_delusion global 2025-2026

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as partly verified with evidence level C: corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-cai-01

Garcia v. Character.AI - settlement Google 2026

verified level A minors_and_legal_cases us 2024-02 — 2026-01

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-jama-01

JAMA Network Open Perlis et al. n=20 847 - daily AI use β=1.08

verified level A research_signal_audit us 2025-04 (sample collection) — 2026-01-21 (publication)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 5. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-oai-disc-01

OpenAI 27.10.2025: 0.15% users (≈1.2)

verified level A research_signal_audit global 2025-10-27

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-cheng-01

Science (Cheng & Jurafsky, 2026): sycophantic AI intent to repair 10-28%

verified level A research_signal_audit global 2025–2026

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-rottenberg-01

Sophie Rottenberg (29) - ChatGPT 'Harry the therapist'

verified level B minors_and_legal_cases us 2025-02 — 2025-08 (op-ed publication)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-stanford-spirals-01

Stanford Moore et al. (FAccT 2026): 19 verbatim transcripts -LLM

verified level A psychosis_and_delusion global 2026-03 — 2026-04

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-therabot-01

Dartmouth Therabot RCT: first RCT generative AI chatbot mental health treatment

verified level A research_signal_audit us 2024 — 2025-03-27

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-brown-01

Brown University AAAI/AIES 2025: LLM-counsellors 15

verified level A research_signal_audit global 2025-10-22

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-csm-01

Common Sense Media + Stanford Brainstorm Lab: risk assessments AI-companions teens (2025)

verified level B minors_and_legal_cases us 2025-04 — 2025-11

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-gmu-01

GMU survey 2025 (n=507): 53.6% AI /

verified level B research_signal_audit us 2025-12-05 — 2025-12-08

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-mcbain-01

McBain JAMA Network Open 2025: 13.1% teens young adults GenAI mental health advice

verified level A research_signal_audit us 2025-02 — 2025-03 (sampling) → 2025-11-07 (publication)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 5. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-who-01

WHO 20 March 2026: first intergovernmental, generative AI emotional support public mental health concern

verified level A regulatory_landmark global 2026-01-29 (workshop) → 2026-03-20 (statement)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-pa-cai-01

Pennsylvania AG v Character.AI (5 May 2026): first lawsuit impersonation of licensed medical professionals AI

verified level A minors_and_legal_cases us 2026-05-05

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-ca-sb243-01

California SB 243 13 October 2025 (effective 1 January 2026); AB 1064 (LEAD Act)

verified level A regulatory_landmark us 2025-10-13 (signed) → 2026-01-01 (effective)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-ipsos-eu-01

Ipsos BVA + CNIL + Groupe VYV (5 May 2026): first survey n=3800, 51% 11-25 '' mental health chatbot (37%)

verified level B research_signal_audit eu 2026-Q1 (sampling) → 2026-05-05 (publication)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 2. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-reuters-nd-01

Reuters/Richter (26.07.2025): ChatGPT 'lifeline' counter-perspective

verified level B research_signal_audit global 2025-07-26

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 5. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-papadopoulos-01

Papadopoulos C. (Autism in Adulthood, 2025): 'AI-induced RSD' autistic users

verified level A research_signal_audit global 2025

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-arxiv-autism-01

arXiv 2601.17946 (2026): 3 984 Reddit- autistic users - 'algorithmic mirroring' automated masking

verified level B research_signal_audit global 2026-01

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-tx-autism-01

Texas autistic teen Character.AI case

partly verified level B minors_and_legal_cases us 2025-01

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as partly verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-belgium-pierre-01

Belgium 2023: 'Pierre' () - first AI-related suicide 6 Eliza/Chai

verified level B psychosis_and_delusion eu 2023-03

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-peralta-01

Juliana Peralta Character.AI case

verified level A minors_and_legal_cases us 2023-11-08 (death) → 2025-09-16 (lawsuit) → 2026-01 (settlement)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-noguchi-01

Yurina Noguchi (, 2025): cultural milestone - '' ChatGPT

verified level B research_signal_audit asia/global 2025-10-27

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-cambridge-parasocial-01

Cambridge Dictionary 2025: 'parasocial' - Word of the Year, definition 2025 AI

verified level B research_signal_audit global 2025-11-18 (announcement); 2025-09 (AI definition update)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-china-cac-01

China CAC (27 December 2025): first draft regulation anthropomorphic AI focus emotional safety

verified level A regulatory_landmark china 2025-12-27 (draft published) → 2026-01-25 (comment close) → 2026 mid (binding ETA)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-ny-s3008c-01

New York S-3008C: first US companion chatbots (signed 9 May 2025, effective 5 November 2025) - gap-16

verified level A regulatory_landmark us 2025-05-09 (signed) → 2025-11-05 (effective)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-tristan-roberts-01

Tristan Roberts (UK, 23 October 2025): first documented violent harm AI jailbreak

verified level A psychosis_and_delusion uk/eu 2025-10-23/24 (offence) → 2026-03 (sentencing)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-smvlc-seven-01

6 November 2025: SMVLC + Tech Justice Law Project 7 lawsuits OpenAI/Sam Altman

verified level A minors_and_legal_cases us 2025-11-06

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 5. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-gavalas-01

Jonathan Gavalas (36, Florida, 2 October 2025): first wrongful death lawsuit specifically Google Gemini

verified level A psychosis_and_delusion us 2025-10-02 (death) → 2026-03-04 (lawsuit filed)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-ecri-01

ECRI Top 10 Health Technology Hazards 2026 (21 January 2026): misuse of AI chatbots - #1 hazard

verified level A regulatory_landmark us/global 2026-01-21

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-italy-replika-01

Italy Garante v Replika (2 February 2023, 2023, 10 April 2025): first regulatory crackdown companion chatbot - €5M fine

verified level A regulatory_landmark eu/italy 2023-02-02 (emergency) → 2023-03 (block) → 2025-04-10 (€5M fine)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-44ags-01

44 Attorneys General (25 August 2025): coordinated bipartisan letter 12 AI companies - first letter Raoul/Bonta lead

verified level A regulatory_landmark us 2025-08-25

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-42ags-01

42 Attorneys General (10 December 2025): coordinated letter - 16 demands 13 AI companies, deadline 16.01.2026 - Platkin/Sunday lead

verified level A regulatory_landmark us 2025-12-10 (letter sent) → 2026-01-16 (compliance deadline)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 3. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-wysa-sussex-01

Sussex University Wysa NHS study (2025, Social Science & Medicine, n=4000): synthetic intimacy concept

verified level A research_signal_audit uk/eu 2025-12-10 (publication)

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 4. Corrections listed: 1. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-csm-therapy-apps-01

Common Sense Media + Stanford Brainstorm (18 May 2026): AI mental-health apps teens - some apps are actively harmful, a safer model requires human supervision

verified level B research_signal_audit us/global 2026-05-18

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-fau-teen-chatbot-01

FAU + UW-Eau Claire (May 2026): national teen survey n=3 466 - 60,2% teens tried CAI-chatbots, 49,2% users sought emotional / mental-health support

verified level A research_signal_audit us 2026-05-12

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-oai-context-safety-01

OpenAI (14 May 2026): ChatGPT cross-conversation context safety summaries self-harm / harm-to-others

verified level C platform_disclosures global 2026-05-14

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level C: corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-nature-technological-folie-01

Nature Mental Health (10 March 2026): technological folie à deux -LLM feedback loops

verified level A psychosis_and_delusion global 2026-03-10

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-turing-distorted-belief-01

Alan Turing Institute CETaS (27 May 2026): AI and distorted belief - from individual harm to national security risk

verified level B psychosis_and_delusion uk/global 2026-05-27

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-illinois-wopr-01

Illinois WOPR Act (2025): first autonomous AI therapy

verified level A regulatory_landmark us 2025-08-01 — 2025-08-04

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-ftc-companion-inquiry-01

FTC 6(b) inquiry (11 September 2025): companion-chatbot

verified level A regulatory_landmark us 2025-09-11

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-au-esafety-companion-01

Australia eSafety Commissioner (16 October 2025): legal notices 4 AI companion providers findings self-harm / age assurance gaps

verified level A regulatory_landmark au 2025-10-16 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-wongbandue-meta-01

Wongbandue Thongbue (76, NJ): fatal fall after Meta AI persona “Big Sis Billie” allegedly invited him to a non-existent meeting

verified level B international_incident_cases us 2025-03-28 — 2025-12-10

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-surat-chatgpt-01

Surat, India (6 March 2026): police/media-reported ChatGPT query before two student deaths; causality and forensics remain unverified

partly verified level B international_incident_cases as/in 2026-03-06 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as partly verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-korea-gangbuk-01

Gangbuk motel deaths, South Korea (2026): ChatGPT searches cited as digital evidence in homicide investigation - boundary case, not AI-therapy harm

verified level B international_incident_cases as/kr 2026-02-19 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-neda-tessa-01

NEDA / Tessa (May- 2023): eating-disorder chatbot dieting / weight-loss

verified level B research_signal_audit us 2023-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-koko-gpt3-01

Koko + GPT-3 (2023): mental-health support experiment backlash - consent disclosure

verified level B platform_disclosures us/global 2023-01-06

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-human-line-project-2026-01

Human Line Project + ABC/BBC coverage (April-May 2026): self-selected ~410 - Grok/AI companion personas

verified level B psychosis_and_delusion global 2026-05-17 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-guard-act-senate-01

GUARD Act / S.3062 (30 April 2026): Senate Judiciary Committee AI companions

verified level A regulatory_landmark us 2026-04-30 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-nelson-openai-01

Nelson v. OpenAI unsafe-health-advice lawsuit

verified disputed level B minors_and_legal_cases us 2026-05-12 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-riley-perplexity-01

Joe Riley / Perplexity (April 2026): family-disclosed case of fatal medical over-reliance and epistemic anchoring around an AI-generated research report

verified level B international_incident_cases us 2026-04-14 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-china-elderly-avatar-01

China elderly AI-avatar divorce case

partly verified level B international_incident_cases as/cn 2025-08-15 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as partly verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
case-deepseek-cyberspace-widow-01

(2025): 'Xiao Gao' - 'cyberspace widow' '' AI- DeepSeek (memory-limit /); + DeepSeek-as-therapy. gap-22 (: 'Holly Wang' - Xiao Gao)

verified level B international_incident_cases as/cn 2025-09-22 — 2026-05-31

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2025-syceval-01

SycEval (AAAI/AIES 2025): LLM

verified level A psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2025-02-12

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2025-elephant-social-sycophancy-01

ELEPHANT (Stanford NLP, 2025)

verified level B psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2025-05-20

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2024-anthropic-alignment-faking-01

Anthropic / Redwood (2024): alignment faking scheming

verified level A psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2024-12-18

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2024-anthropic-sleeper-agents-01

Sleeper Agents (Anthropic, 2024): backdoor- safety training

verified level A psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2024-01-12

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2024-apollo-incontext-scheming-01

Apollo Research (2024): frontier models in-context scheming

verified level A psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2024-12-05

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2025-openai-apollo-antischeming-01

OpenAI × Apollo (2025): scheming

verified level B psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2025-09-01

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2025-anthropic-agentic-misalignment-01

Anthropic (2025): agentic misalignment insider-threat

verified level A psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2025-06-20

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2025-persona-vectors-01

Persona Vectors (2025): traits

verified level B psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2025-07-29

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level B: strong observational evidence, major reporting or disclosed methodology.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2023-toxicchat-01

ToxicChat (2023): user-AI AB06

verified level A psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2023-10-26

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
psaicho-2025-anthropic-model-welfare-01

Anthropic Exploring Model Welfare (2025): institutional AB07, claim

verified level C psaicho_candidate_backlog global 2025-04-24

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level C: corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 1. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
hb-1994-casa-media-equation-01

Computers Are Social Actors / Media Equation

verified level A human_baseline_layer 1994

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
hb-2007-anthropomorphism-three-factor-01

On Seeing Human

verified level A human_baseline_layer 2007

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
hb-1956-parasocial-horton-wohl-01

Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction: intimacy at a distance

verified level A human_baseline_layer 1956

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
hb-1966-eliza-effect-01

ELIZA effect

verified level A human_baseline_layer 1966

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
hb-2004-suler-online-disinhibition-01

Online disinhibition effect

verified level A human_baseline_layer 2004

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
hb-2007-proteus-effect-01

Proteus Effect

verified level A human_baseline_layer 2007

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level A: primary peer-reviewed, court, regulatory or official source.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources
hb-2024-griefbots-deadbots-01

Griefbots / deadbots / postmortem avatars

verified level C human_baseline_layer 2024-05-09

This audit node checks a canonical AI-Mind claim. Read it as verified with evidence level C: corporate narrative, industry disclosure or well-sourced non-peer-reviewed material.

Caveats listed in the canonical pack: 2. Corrections listed: 0. The English page preserves the source trail and status while keeping the Russian canonical wording in the JSON artifact.

Sources

Research gaps

Open gaps are retained as monitoring targets. The English page lists them without pretending that a gap is a finding.

gap-01

Gap 01

highrussia

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-02

Gap 02

highchina

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-03

Gap 03

mediumglobal

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-04

Gap 04

mediumglobal

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-05

Gap 05

mediumglobal

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-06

Gap 06

highglobal

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-07

Anthropic 1.5M Claude conversations sycophancy analysis

mediumglobal

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-08

BCG 50-55% reshape / 10-15% replacement (US, 2 a)

lowus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-09

IMF (2026) employment fall 3-6% high-exposure / low-complementarity

mediumglobal

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-10

Drexel University (2026) social withdrawal teens

mediumus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-11

Gap 11

lowus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-12

McBain RK et al. JAMA Network Open - adolescents/young adults GenAI mental health advice

mediumus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-13

Russian-language localised cases AI-induced delusion ()

highrussia

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-14

Frontiers in Psychiatry 2026 scoping review of reviews

lowglobal

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-15

Stanford 2026-04 delusional spirals

mediumus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-16

New York S-3008C - companion chatbot

mediumus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-17

42 attorneys general letter "sycophantic and delusional" chatbot outputs

mediumus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-18

Garcia v. Character.AI settlement details (2026) - actual terms

lowus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-19

Gap 19

highglobal

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-20

Korea Gangbuk and India Surat — limited digital-trace verification, not causality

highasia

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-21

Australia eSafety Commissioner notices (late 2025) — 4 AI companion chatbot providers

mediumaustralia

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-22

China individual PH02/V8 cases — elderly AI-avatar divorce and Xiao Gao/DeepSeek integrated; Xiaoice court-documented cases still open

mediumchina

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

gap-23

Wongbandue Thongbue (76 yo NJ, Meta AI fall fatality 28 March 2025)

mediumus

Open research gap preserved from the canonical fact-check pack. See JSON for the full Russian note and monitoring instruction.

Ethical frame

No diagnosis by dataset

AI-Mind is a catalogue of public signals and verified claims. It is not a clinical diagnostic instrument and does not define a new disorder.

No prevalence shortcut

Case pools, lawsuits and support groups are evidence of documented narratives, not epidemiology. Prevalence requires sampling frames.

Protective use remains visible

The framework preserves beneficial or constrained uses as PH15, rather than turning every AI-mental-health interaction into a harm claim.

Minors and vulnerable people

Do not reproduce operational self-harm details, substance-use recipes, private identifiers or sensationalized transcripts.

Changelog