{"id":"SIG_2026_EIGHTFOLD_FCRA","title":"Class action targets Eightfold AI over opaque applicant scoring and data use","event_date":"2026-01-21","update_date":"2026-04-29","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","algorithmic_hiring","privacy"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["hiring","hr","applicant_scoring","privacy","fcra","workplace_ai"],"summary":"Applicants sued Eightfold AI alleging hidden data collection and AI-generated fit/personality-like scoring without FCRA-style disclosure, consent or dispute mechanisms.","why":"Concrete legal incident involving alleged AI harm in recruiting and applicant evaluation.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/ai-company-eightfold-sued-helping-companies-secretly-score-job-seekers-2026-01-21/","https://www.classaction.org/media/kistler-et-al-v-eightfold-ai-inc-complaint.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.akingump.com/en/insights/ai-law-and-regulation-tracker/ai-hiring-platform-faces-fcra-class-action-over-data-use-or-kistler-et-al-v-eightfold-ai-inc"],"note":"Allegations unresolved; code as opacity/privacy/process signal, not proven bias.","sequence":1,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_WORKDAY_MOBLEY","title":"Mobley v. Workday becomes major AI hiring-discrimination test case","event_date":"2024-04-09","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","algorithmic_discrimination","hiring"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["workday","eeoc","title_vii","adea","ada","algorithmic_bias"],"summary":"EEOC amicus argued Workday could be subject to anti-discrimination law in suit alleging AI screening discriminated by race, age and disability.","why":"Tests accountability of HR software vendors when automated tools screen applicants before human review.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.eeoc.gov/litigation/briefs/mobley-v-workday-inc"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/eeoc-says-workday-covered-by-anti-bias-laws-ai-discrimination-case-2024-04-11/","https://www.foley.com/insights/publications/2025/10/ai-hiring-targeted-by-class-action-and-proposed-legislation/"],"note":"Unresolved litigation; allegations not findings.","sequence":2,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_ITUTORGROUP_EEOC","title":"EEOC settles first AI hiring-discrimination case against iTutorGroup","event_date":"2023-09-11","region":["US","CN-linked"],"type":["legal_settlement","algorithmic_discrimination","hiring"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["age_discrimination","remote_work","education","eeoc"],"summary":"iTutorGroup agreed to pay $365,000 after EEOC alleged its software rejected female applicants 55+ and male applicants 60+ for remote tutoring roles.","why":"Clean example of algorithmic gating in access to professional work.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/itutorgroup-pay-365000-settle-eeoc-discriminatory-hiring-suit","https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/eeoc-sues-itutorgroup-age-discrimination"],"secondary":[],"note":"High-confidence settlement; not prevalence estimate.","sequence":3,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_NYC_LL144","title":"NYC Local Law 144 enforcement begins for automated employment decision tools","event_date":"2023-07-05","region":["US","NYC"],"type":["regulation","bias_audit","hiring"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["aedts","bias_audit","notice","hiring","promotion"],"summary":"NYC began enforcing AEDT rules requiring recent bias audit publication and candidate/employee notice before use of automated employment decision tools.","why":"Creates audit/notice layer for AI-mediated hiring and promotion.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page"],"secondary":["https://www.osc.ny.gov/state-agencies/audits/2025/12/02/enforcement-local-law-144-automated-employment-decision-tools"],"note":"Governance signal; does not prove audit effectiveness.","sequence":4,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_COLORADO_AI_ACT","title":"Colorado AI Act covers high-risk AI in employment decisions","event_date":"2024-05-17","region":["US","Colorado"],"type":["regulation","high_risk_ai","employment"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["colorado","algorithmic_discrimination","employment","high_risk_ai"],"summary":"Colorado enacted SB24-205 requiring reasonable care by developers/deployers of high-risk AI systems including consequential employment decisions.","why":"Shows state-level movement from audit notice toward broader AI employment governance.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205"],"secondary":["https://www.seyfarth.com/news-insights/colorado-governor-signs-broad-ai-bill-regulating-employment-decisions.html"],"note":"Track amendments/effective-date changes separately.","sequence":5,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_EU_AI_ACT_EMPLOYMENT","title":"EU AI Act classifies employment and worker-management AI as high-risk","event_date":"2024-08-01","region":["EU"],"type":["regulation","high_risk_ai","worker_management"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["eu_ai_act","employment","worker_management","self_employment"],"summary":"The EU AI Act entered into force; employment, recruitment, selection, task allocation, monitoring and performance evaluation are among high-risk use cases.","why":"Directly maps AI governance onto hiring, promotion, termination and access to self-employment.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D04_vertical_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai"],"secondary":["https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/high-level-summary/"],"note":"Implementation timing must be versioned.","sequence":6,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_IBM_HIRING_PAUSE","title":"IBM pauses hiring for roles expected to be replaceable by AI","event_date":"2023-05-01","region":["US","global"],"type":["corporate_policy","workforce_displacement","hiring_freeze"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["ibm","back_office","automation","hiring_freeze"],"summary":"IBM's CEO said hiring would pause or slow for back-office roles and about 7,800 jobs could be replaced by AI/automation over several years.","why":"Early high-profile example of hiring freezes as displacement, not only layoffs.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D07_industry_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/ibm-pause-hiring-plans-replace-7800-jobs-with-ai-bloomberg-news-2023-05-01/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Anticipated displacement; not realized one-for-one replacement.","sequence":7,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_BT_HEADCOUNT_AI","title":"BT announces large headcount reduction plan partly linked to AI and digitization","event_date":"2023-05-18","region":["UK"],"type":["layoffs","automation","corporate_restructuring"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["bt","telecom","automation","ai","headcount"],"summary":"BT said it would cut up to 55,000 jobs by 2030; reporting emphasized digitization and AI could eliminate about 10,000 roles.","why":"Shows AI embedded in broader capital-cycle restructuring rather than pure task substitution.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return","D03_vertical_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/may/18/bt-cut-jobs-telecoms-group-workforce"],"secondary":[],"note":"Do not code all 55,000 as AI replacement.","sequence":8,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_KLARNA_700_AGENT_EQUIVALENT","title":"Klarna says AI assistant handles work equivalent to hundreds of support agents","event_date":"2024-02-28","region":["Sweden","global"],"type":["product_deployment","task_automation","workforce_displacement"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["klarna","customer_support","chatbot","automation"],"summary":"Klarna said its AI assistant handled two-thirds of customer-service chats and work equivalent to about 700 full-time agents; later reporting linked AI to shrinking headcount.","why":"Strong service-work automation signal with contractor/outsourcing ambiguity.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/teleperformance-shares-plunge-ai-disruption-concerns-2024-02-28/","https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/swedens-klarna-says-ai-chatbots-help-shrink-headcount-2024-08-27/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Corporate self-report; outsourcing status matters.","sequence":9,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_DUOLINGO_CONTRACTOR_CUTS","title":"Duolingo cuts contractors while increasing AI-generated content workflows","event_date":"2024-01-08","region":["US","global"],"type":["layoffs","contract_work","task_automation"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["duolingo","contractors","translation","edtech","content"],"summary":"Duolingo confirmed it cut roughly 10% of its contractor workforce as it used generative AI to streamline content and translation workflows.","why":"Directly relevant to employment-form vulnerability: contractors may be displaced before full-time staff.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://news.bloomberglaw.com/artificial-intelligence/duolingo-cuts-10-of-contractors-in-move-to-greater-use-of-ai","https://techcrunch.com/2024/01/09/duolingo-cut-10-of-its-contractor-workforce-as-the-company-embraces-ai/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Good D10 test case, but not return-panel evidence.","sequence":10,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_INTUIT_AI_SHIFT_LAYOFFS","title":"Intuit cuts about 1,800 employees while shifting resources toward AI","event_date":"2024-07-10","region":["US","Canada","global"],"type":["layoffs","workforce_reallocation","AI_strategy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["intuit","tax","accounting","skill_mix","ai_strategy"],"summary":"Intuit announced roughly 1,800 role eliminations while focusing on AI-powered tax and financial products, framing the move as strategic reallocation.","why":"Distinguishes layoffs, skill-mix change and AI-capability hiring within one company.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://investors.intuit.com/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0000896878-24-000030/ex9901-emltointuitemployee.htm","https://www.reuters.com/technology/intuit-cut-about-1800-jobs-2024-07-10/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Skill-mix reallocation; avoid one-for-one AI replacement claim.","sequence":11,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_CHEGG_CHATGPT_SHOCK","title":"Chegg warns ChatGPT is hurting subscriber growth, triggering major market shock","event_date":"2023-05-02","region":["US","global"],"type":["market_signal","business_model_disruption"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["chegg","edtech","chatgpt","market_shock"],"summary":"Chegg warned ChatGPT was pressuring subscriber growth and suspended full-year outlook; shares dropped about 47% in early trading.","why":"Early public-market signal that generative AI can compress an education/professional-learning intermediary.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/edtech-chegg-slumps-revenue-warning-chatgpt-threatens-growth-2023-05-02/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Market signal, not worker-level displacement.","sequence":12,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_CHEGG_AI_LAYOFFS","title":"Chegg slashes workforce as AI tools reshape edtech demand","event_date":"2025-05-12","region":["US"],"type":["layoffs","business_model_disruption","industry_exit"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["chegg","edtech","layoffs","ai_disruption"],"summary":"Chegg announced layoffs of about 22% in May 2025; later reporting described further restructuring as AI tools and search changes undermined demand.","why":"Follow-on workforce case after the 2023 market shock; useful for lagged shock modeling.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/chegg-lay-off-22-workforce-ai-tools-shake-up-edtech-industry-2025-05-12/","https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/hit-by-ai-edtech-firm-chegg-slashes-jobs-names-new-ceo-major-overhaul-2025-10-27/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Separate AI-platform competition from search-distribution shocks.","sequence":13,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_SHOPIFY_AI_BEFORE_HIRING","title":"Shopify requires proof AI cannot do the job before more headcount","event_date":"2025-04-07","region":["Canada","global"],"type":["corporate_policy","hiring_gate","AI_first"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["shopify","ai_first","hiring","performance_review"],"summary":"A Shopify memo said teams must show why AI cannot do a job before requesting headcount, and that AI capability would factor into reviews.","why":"Turns AI-use capability into a career gate and internal mobility signal.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D04_vertical_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A3_adaptability_self_efficacy"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.theverge.com/news/644943/shopify-ceo-memo-ai-hires-job"],"secondary":["https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/06/03/ai-workplace-duolingo-shopify-employees/"],"note":"Reported internal memo; not a public labor-law rule.","sequence":14,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_ORACLE_AI_CAPEX_LAYOFFS","title":"Oracle layoffs become high-signal AI-capex workforce case","event_date":"2026-04-01","region":["US","global"],"type":["layoffs","AI_capex_reallocation","systemic_signal"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["oracle","layoffs","ai_spending","datacenters","restructuring","ai_capex"],"summary":"Reliable reporting said Oracle began cutting thousands of jobs while stepping up AI/datacenter spending; SEC/company materials also point to a large restructuring-cost envelope. The strongest confirmed signal is AI-era capital and organizational reallocation, not proven one-for-one AI substitution.","why":"Useful for modeling displacement through capital reallocation and infrastructure spend.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/apr/01/us-tech-firm-oracle-cuts-thousands-of-jobs-as-it-steps-up-ai-spending-larry-ellison","https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/oracle-begins-cutting-thousands-of-jobs-cnbc-reports-4591147"],"secondary":["https://time.com/article/2026/04/30/oracle-layoffs-ai-tech-jobs/","https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonmarkman/2026/04/06/oracles-massive-30000-layoff-as-ai-spending-surges/","https://www.techspot.com/news/111902-oracle-layoffs-could-reach-30000-company-doubles-down.html"],"note":"Causality mixed: AI-capex / restructuring shift confirmed; direct AI replacement and the 30,000-layoff number remain weaker secondary framing and should not be stated as settled fact.","sequence":15,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_stable_v1","update_date":"2026-05-25"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_ATLASSIAN_AI_PIVOT_LAYOFFS","title":"Atlassian cuts roughly 10% of workforce while pivoting to AI and enterprise sales","event_date":"2026-03-11","region":["Australia","US","India","global"],"type":["layoffs","AI_strategy","skill_mix_change"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["atlassian","software","ai_pivot","skill_mix"],"summary":"Atlassian said it would cut about 1,600 jobs, around 10% of its workforce, while rebalancing toward AI and enterprise sales.","why":"Strong example of AI-era workforce reconfiguration by skill mix rather than simple headcount shrinkage.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D04_vertical_return","D07_industry_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A3_adaptability_self_efficacy","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/atlassian-lay-off-about-1600-people-pivot-ai-2026-03-11/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Code as skill-mix change; avoid pure replacement claim.","sequence":16,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_META_AI_CAPEX_LAYOFFS","title":"Meta CEO links layoffs to AI infrastructure capital-spending tradeoff","event_date":"2026-04-30","region":["US","global"],"type":["layoffs","AI_capex_reallocation","corporate_strategy"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["meta","ai_capex","infrastructure","layoffs"],"summary":"Reuters reported Meta's CEO attributed upcoming layoffs to increased capital investment in AI computing infrastructure while saying cuts were not directly due to AI reorganization.","why":"Separates AI-capex displacement pressure from direct role automation.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D07_industry_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/business/world-at-work/meta-ceo-attributes-layoffs-plan-capex-wont-rule-out-further-job-cuts-2026-04-30/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Code as AI-capex tradeoff, not confirmed replacement.","sequence":17,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_WGA_AI_CONTRACT","title":"WGA contract establishes AI protections for writers","event_date":"2023-09-26","region":["US"],"type":["labor_contract","collective_bargaining","AI_provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["writers","union","creative_work","ai_protections"],"summary":"The 2023 WGA agreement established protections around AI-generated material, disclosure, credit, compensation and training-use disputes.","why":"Professional group turns AI risk into contract language and collective agency.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A4_network_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.wga.org/contracts/know-your-rights/artificial-intelligence","https://www.wga.org/contracts/contracts/mba/summary-of-the-2023-wga-mba"],"secondary":["https://www.brookings.edu/articles/hollywood-writers-went-on-strike-to-protect-their-livelihoods-from-generative-ai-their-remarkable-victory-matters-for-all-workers/"],"note":"Useful collective-agency and D08 signal-preservation precedent.","sequence":18,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_SAG_AFTRA_DIGITAL_REPLICAS","title":"SAG-AFTRA TV/Theatrical agreement includes digital-replica protections","event_date":"2023-11-08","region":["US"],"type":["labor_contract","AI_likeness","collective_bargaining"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["performers","digital_replica","union","consent","compensation"],"summary":"SAG-AFTRA resolved its 2023 strike with terms including AI and digital-replica protections for performers.","why":"Shows professional identity, likeness, consent and compensation becoming explicit bargaining objects under AI.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","validated_individual_return_option_value"],"primary":["https://www.sagaftra.org/contracts-industry-resources/member-resources/artificial-intelligence/sag-aftra-ai-bargaining-and","https://www.sagaftra.org/sites/default/files/sa_documents/DigitalReplicas.pdf"],"secondary":[],"note":"Signal preservation for creative-project markets.","sequence":19,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SAG_AFTRA_VIDEO_GAME_STRIKE","title":"SAG-AFTRA strikes video game companies over AI protections","event_date":"2024-07-26","region":["US","global games industry"],"type":["strike","AI_likeness","collective_bargaining"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["video_games","voice_actors","motion_capture","ai_protections"],"summary":"SAG-AFTRA called a strike against video game companies over AI protections, especially voice and performance capture rights; later AP reported a contract ending the strike with AI protections.","why":"Sector-specific re-entry and signal-preservation risk in project-based creative labor.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A4_network_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.sagaftra.org/sag-aftra-strikes-video-games-over-ai"],"secondary":["https://apnews.com/article/048576144e7a0fa9b4827520dd269a3f"],"note":"Project-based labor makes it useful for D10 as well as D08.","sequence":20,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2021_GITHUB_COPILOT_LAUNCH","title":"GitHub Copilot launches technical preview as AI pair programmer","event_date":"2021-06-29","region":["global"],"type":["product_deployment","professional_tooling"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/C","tags":["coding","copilot","developer_tools","genai"],"summary":"GitHub launched Copilot technical preview, describing it as an AI pair programmer that suggests lines or functions from code context.","why":"Early mass-market signal of generative AI entering a core professional workflow: software development.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D07_industry_exit","D04_vertical_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A3_adaptability_self_efficacy"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://github.blog/news-insights/product-news/introducing-github-copilot-ai-pair-programmer/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Positive capability signal; pair with later IP/security/provenance cases.","sequence":21,"event_year":2021,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2022_COPILOT_CLASS_ACTION","title":"Developers sue GitHub, Microsoft and OpenAI over Copilot/open-source licensing","event_date":"2022-11-03","region":["US","global developer ecosystem"],"type":["legal_case","IP_provenance","professional_output"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["copilot","open_source","copyright","developers"],"summary":"A class action alleged Copilot violated open-source licenses and developer rights by training on and generating code from public repositories.","why":"Professional-output provenance and licensing become part of developer career/business risk.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://githubcopilotlitigation.com/"],"secondary":["https://www.saverilawfirm.com/our-cases/github-copilot-intellectual-property-litigation"],"note":"Allegations unresolved/partly narrowed; provenance signal.","sequence":22,"event_year":2022,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2022_STACKOVERFLOW_CHATGPT_BAN","title":"Stack Overflow temporarily bans ChatGPT-generated answers","event_date":"2022-12-05","region":["global"],"type":["platform_policy","quality_control","professional_knowledge"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["stack_overflow","chatgpt","coding","quality","knowledge_commons"],"summary":"Stack Overflow moderators temporarily banned ChatGPT-generated answers, citing high error rates and moderation burden.","why":"Early signal that AI can flood professional knowledge channels with low-trust output.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/421831/policy-generative-ai-e-g-chatgpt-is-banned"],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/5/23493932/chatgpt-ai-generated-answers-temporarily-banned-stack-overflow-llms-dangers"],"note":"Trust/provenance/quality signal, not labor displacement.","sequence":23,"event_year":2022,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_MATA_AVIANCA_SANCTIONS","title":"Lawyers sanctioned after filing ChatGPT-generated fake cases","event_date":"2023-06-22","region":["US"],"type":["legal_sanction","professional_error","AI_hallucination"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["law","chatgpt","fake_cases","sanctions","professional_liability"],"summary":"A federal judge sanctioned lawyers and their firm after a brief cited fictitious cases generated by ChatGPT in Mata v. Avianca.","why":"Canonical professional-liability incident damaging professional trust and court process.","dimensions":["D06_lateral_professional_return","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/new-york-lawyers-sanctioned-using-fake-chatgpt-cases-legal-brief-2023-06-22/","https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/63107798/mata-v-avianca-inc/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Seed signal-preservation metric: sanctions, client notice, bar referral.","sequence":24,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_AIR_CANADA_CHATBOT","title":"Air Canada held liable for misleading chatbot information","event_date":"2024-02-14","region":["Canada"],"type":["legal_liability","chatbot_error","consumer_harm"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["chatbot","customer_service","liability","misinformation"],"summary":"British Columbia tribunal found Air Canada liable after its chatbot gave a passenger incorrect information about bereavement fare refunds.","why":"Shows organization-level responsibility for AI customer-service outputs.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business_law/resources/business-law-today/2024-february/bc-tribunal-confirms-companies-remain-liable-information-provided-ai-chatbot/"],"secondary":["https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/16/air-canada-chatbot-lawsuit"],"note":"Professional workflow responsibility, not direct displacement.","sequence":25,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_CNET_AI_CONTENT","title":"CNET AI-generated articles trigger corrections and labor pushback","event_date":"2023-01-17","update_date":"2023-05-16","region":["US"],"type":["professional_output_error","labor_response","AI_content"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["journalism","ai_content","errors","union","editorial_work"],"summary":"CNET's AI-generated personal-finance articles drew criticism for errors and corrections; staff later unionized citing editorial independence, layoffs and AI transparency concerns.","why":"Links AI content production, quality control, editorial labor and professional trust.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.wired.com/story/cnet-published-ai-generated-stories-then-its-staff-pushed-back/","https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/16/23723959/cnet-union-red-ventures-tech-editorial-independence-ai-writing"],"secondary":["https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2023/01/17/cnet-ai-articles-journalism-corrections/"],"note":"Quality/provenance signal; layoffs had multiple causes.","sequence":26,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_NYT_OPENAI_CASE","title":"The New York Times sues OpenAI and Microsoft over use of journalism","event_date":"2023-12-27","region":["US","global"],"type":["legal_case","IP_provenance","professional_output"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["journalism","copyright","training_data","openai","microsoft"],"summary":"The New York Times sued OpenAI and Microsoft alleging unauthorized use of Times journalism to train and operate generative AI systems.","why":"High-signal case for economic value of professional output and provenance under AI training regimes.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://hh-law.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/New-York-Times-complaint.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/dec/27/new-york-times-openai-microsoft-lawsuit","https://harvardlawreview.org/blog/2024/04/nyt-v-openai-the-timess-about-face/"],"note":"Litigation unresolved; provenance/value signal.","sequence":27,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2020_UK_ALEVEL_ALGORITHM","title":"UK A-level grading algorithm controversy forces reversal","event_date":"2020-08-17","region":["UK"],"type":["algorithmic_governance_failure","credentialing","education"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","credentials","algorithm","university_access","state"],"summary":"An algorithmic standardization process downgraded many teacher-predicted grades after exams were canceled, triggering backlash and reversal to teacher-assessed grades.","why":"Credential-allocation failure affecting educational progression and labor-market entry channels.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D01_geographic_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/aug/21/ofqual-exams-algorithm-why-did-it-fail-make-grade-a-levels"],"secondary":["https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10370707/"],"note":"Not generative AI; strong algorithmic entry-channel signal.","sequence":28,"event_year":2020,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_ITALY_CHATGPT_BAN","title":"Italy temporarily bans ChatGPT over data-protection concerns","event_date":"2023-03-30","region":["Italy","EU"],"type":["regulatory_action","data_protection","platform_access"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["chatgpt","privacy","gdpr","italy","regulation"],"summary":"Italy's data-protection authority temporarily restricted ChatGPT processing of Italian users' data over privacy and legal-basis concerns.","why":"State-level interruption of a general-purpose AI tool used across professional and educational workflows.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.dataprotectionreport.com/2023/04/italian-garante-bans-chatgpt-due-data-protection/"],"secondary":["https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/mar/31/italy-privacy-watchdog-bans-chatgpt-over-data-breach-concerns","https://apnews.com/article/6760575ae7a29a1dd22cc666f49e605f"],"note":"Platform access / regulatory volatility signal.","sequence":29,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_NIST_AI_RMF","title":"NIST releases AI Risk Management Framework 1.0","event_date":"2023-01-26","region":["US","global"],"type":["governance_framework","risk_management"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["nist","ai_rmf","governance","trustworthy_ai"],"summary":"NIST released AI RMF 1.0, a voluntary framework for managing risks from designing, developing, deploying or using AI systems.","why":"Baseline for coding whether professional-workflow AI deployments are governed, mapped, measured and managed.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework","https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2023/01/nist-ai-risk-management-framework-ai-rmf-10-launch"],"secondary":[],"note":"Governance/control baseline, not harm signal.","sequence":30,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_BIDEN_AI_EO_WORKERS","title":"US Executive Order on AI includes worker-protection and labor-market provisions","event_date":"2023-10-30","region":["US"],"type":["executive_order","governance","worker_protection"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["executive_order","workers","labor_market","ai_governance"],"summary":"The US executive order on AI directed federal actions on safe and trustworthy AI, including attention to civil rights, worker protections and labor-market impacts.","why":"Federal recognition that AI affects workers, not only consumers or national security.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://apnews.com/article/cb86162000d894f238f28ac029005059"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/trump-revokes-biden-executive-order-addressing-ai-risks-2025-01-21/"],"note":"Version with 2025 revocation; not stable current rule.","sequence":31,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_ALABAMA_AI_FAKE_CASE_SANCTION","title":"Alabama Supreme Court sanctions lawyer for AI-generated fake citations","event_date":"2026-04-27","region":["US","Alabama"],"type":["legal_sanction","professional_error","AI_hallucination"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["law","fake_cases","sanctions","professional_liability"],"summary":"Reuters reported Alabama's top court dismissed an appeal and sanctioned a lawyer whose filings included fabricated AI-generated citations.","why":"Shows Mata-style failure mode persisted into 2026 as repeated professional-liability pattern.","dimensions":["D06_lateral_professional_return","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/top-alabama-court-tosses-appeal-over-lawyers-ai-filings-2026-04-27/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Longitudinal clustering after 2023.","sequence":32,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_SUPERVISING_LAWYER_AI_SANCTION","title":"Federal judge sanctions supervising lawyer for AI-assisted false citation by subordinate","event_date":"2026-05-01","region":["US","California"],"type":["legal_sanction","supervisory_liability","AI_hallucination"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["law","legal_ai","supervision","sanctions"],"summary":"Reuters reported a federal judge sanctioned a managing partner for a false case citation generated with help from an AI legal research tool used by a junior attorney.","why":"Moves AI professional-risk signal from individual misuse to supervisory responsibility and organizational controls.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A3_adaptability_self_efficacy","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/us-judge-says-senior-lawyers-must-pay-mistakes-by-subordinates-using-ai-tools-2026-05-01/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Managerial/vertical responsibility under AI workflows.","sequence":33,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_RITEAID_FACIAL_RECOGNITION_FTC","title":"FTC bans Rite Aid from using facial recognition for surveillance for five years","event_date":"2023-12-19","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","facial_recognition","workplace_surveillance","retail"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["facial_recognition","surveillance","retail","privacy","algorithmic_error","workplace_ai"],"summary":"The FTC said Rite Aid failed to implement reasonable procedures and prevent consumer harm when it used facial recognition in hundreds of stores, and the settlement prohibited surveillance use for five years.","why":"Shows concrete liability for automated surveillance systems deployed in frontline retail workflows, with direct implications for worker oversight, customer-facing staff decisions and institutional constraints.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/12/rite-aid-banned-using-ai-facial-recognition-after-ftc-says-retailer-deployed-technology-without"],"secondary":["https://apnews.com/article/e8deb16296d9cef78faca2761b2efb48"],"note":"Code as surveillance/governance signal, not pure hiring case.","sequence":34,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SAFERENT_ALGORITHMIC_SCREENING_SETTLEMENT","title":"SafeRent settlement restricts algorithmic tenant scoring for voucher applicants","event_date":"2024-11-20","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_settlement","algorithmic_scoring","housing"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["algorithmic_scoring","screening","discrimination","housing","essential_services"],"summary":"SafeRent agreed to change its screening practices and pay a multimillion-dollar settlement after allegations that its scoring system discriminated against Black and Hispanic rental applicants and voucher users.","why":"Not an employment case, but useful control signal for opaque scoring, contestability and portability of status across essential-access systems that affect workers' geographic and job mobility.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D02_geographic_return"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://apnews.com/article/1bc785c24a1b88bd425a8fa367ab2b23"],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/20/24297692/ai-landlord-tool-saferent-low-income-tenants-discrimination-settlement"],"note":"Use as adjacent-domain scoring benchmark; do not over-map to HR.","sequence":35,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_EU_PLATFORM_WORK_DIRECTIVE","title":"EU Council adopts Platform Work Directive with algorithmic-management safeguards","event_date":"2024-10-14","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU"],"type":["regulation","platform_work","algorithmic_management"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["platform_work","gig_work","algorithmic_management","worker_rights","contestability"],"summary":"The Council adopted rules for platform work that increase algorithmic transparency, require human monitoring of automated systems and give workers the right to contest automated decisions.","why":"Directly relevant to employment-form exit/return because platform work is a major employee↔gig transition path and the directive creates rights around algorithmic management.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/10/14/platform-workers-council-adopts-new-rules-to-improve-their-working-conditions/"],"secondary":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/working-conditions-in-platform-work.html"],"note":"","sequence":36,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2021_SPAIN_RIDER_LAW_ALGO_TRANSPARENCY","title":"Spain's Rider Law creates employment presumption and algorithmic-transparency rights for delivery platforms","event_date":"2021-08-12","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU","Spain"],"type":["regulation","platform_work","algorithmic_management"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["rider_law","gig_work","platform_work","algorithmic_transparency","worker_status"],"summary":"Spain's rider law amended worker-status rules for delivery-platform workers and is widely described as including algorithmic-transparency obligations through worker representatives.","why":"High-signal country precedent for employment-form exit/return: the legal status of platform work changes the reversibility of salaried↔gig transitions.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://www.holisticai.com/blog/spain-rider-law-royal-decree-9-2021"],"secondary":["https://euobserver.com/100/eu-gig-workers-still-exploited-despite-landmark-laws/"],"note":"Secondary source used for English-language summary; verify against Spanish BOE if used legally.","sequence":37,"event_year":2021,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2021_FOODINHO_ALGORITHMIC_MANAGEMENT_FINE","title":"Italian DPA fines Foodinho over algorithmic management and rider data practices","event_date":"2021-07-05","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU","Italy"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","platform_work","algorithmic_management","privacy"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["gig_work","algorithmic_management","gdpr","riders","platform_work"],"summary":"Italy's data protection authority fined Foodinho, part of the Glovo group, over use of performance algorithms and rider-data practices.","why":"Concrete enforcement signal for algorithmic management in platform work, useful for testing institutional constraints and employment-form mobility risk.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://www.insideprivacy.com/gdpr/italian-supervisory-authority-fines-foodinho-over-its-use-of-performance-management-algorithms/"],"secondary":["https://algorithmwatch.org/en/awow-db/italys-dpa-fines-foodinho-for-26-million-euros/"],"note":"","sequence":38,"event_year":2021,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_AMAZON_FRANCE_LOGISTIQUE_MONITORING_FINE","title":"CNIL fines Amazon France Logistique €32M for excessive employee monitoring","event_date":"2023-12-27","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU","France"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","workplace_surveillance","algorithmic_management"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["employee_monitoring","warehouse","surveillance","algorithmic_management","gdpr"],"summary":"France's CNIL fined Amazon France Logistique €32 million for an excessively intrusive system monitoring warehouse employee activity and performance.","why":"Strong signal for automated worker monitoring as a structural constraint on agency inside large logistics workplaces.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D04_vertical_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/national-news/2024/employee-monitoring-french-sa-fined-amazon-france-logistique-eu32-million_en"],"secondary":["https://apnews.com/article/d503314234ccacb366e2afaa49d097b1","https://www.reuters.com/technology/amazon-appeals-346-mln-fine-by-french-regulator-over-staff-monitoring-2024-03-22/"],"note":"Event date is decision date; public reporting followed in Jan 2024.","sequence":39,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_DROPBOX_AI_ERA_LAYOFFS","title":"Dropbox cuts 16% of workforce while reallocating toward AI products","event_date":"2023-04-27","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["layoffs","workforce_displacement","ai_strategy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["layoffs","ai_strategy","software","reallocation","enterprise"],"summary":"Dropbox announced about 500 layoffs, or 16% of its workforce, with leadership citing slowing growth and the arrival of the AI era while planning to hire new AI-focused talent.","why":"Clean workforce-reallocation signal: not one-for-one replacement, but AI-era capability shift changing return and lateral mobility prospects.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D07_industry_exit","D04_vertical_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/dropbox-cut-workforce-by-16-hire-new-talent-ai-powered-products-2023-04-27/"],"secondary":["https://blog.dropbox.com/topics/company/a-message-from-drew"],"note":"","sequence":40,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_AXEL_SPRINGER_BILD_AI_JOBS_WARNING","title":"Axel Springer/Bild job cuts become early media-sector AI-role-restructuring signal","event_date":"2023-06-20","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU","Germany"],"type":["layoffs","media","ai_strategy"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["media","journalism","layoffs","ai_strategy","editorial_work"],"summary":"After Axel Springer announced cost-cutting at Bild and Welt, reporting and executive statements linked some future editorial role changes to AI-enabled workflows, though the company disputed simple AI-replacement framing.","why":"Useful medium-confidence case for industry re-entry and signal preservation in journalism: AI changes role boundaries and portfolio value without clean displacement proof.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A4_network_capital"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/after-jobs-warning-germanys-axel-springer-says-ai-can-liberate-journalists-2023-06-22/"],"secondary":["https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/20/german-tabloid-bild-to-replace-range-of-editorial-jobs-with-ai","https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/axel-springer-up-earnings-german-newspapers-through-revenue-growth-job-cuts-2023-02-28/"],"note":"Code as restructuring/role-boundary signal; avoid claiming direct replacement unless source-specific.","sequence":41,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_ONCLUSIVE_FRANCE_AI_LAYOFFS","title":"Onclusive France layoffs cited as European media-monitoring AI displacement case","event_date":"2023-09-14","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU","France"],"type":["layoffs","media_monitoring","workforce_displacement"],"confidence":"medium_low","evidence_level":"C","tags":["layoffs","media_monitoring","ai_replacement","France","white_collar_work"],"summary":"Reports described Onclusive's French subsidiary as planning to lay off more than 200 employees while shifting media-monitoring work toward AI-enabled processes.","why":"Useful weak-to-medium signal for desk-research agent testing because it illustrates contested AI-displacement claims in non-US white-collar workflows.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://worldcrunch.com/business-finance/how-ai-has-quickly-become-a-catch-all-excuse-for-firing-employees/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Confidence lower because available English source is secondary; should be upgraded only with French primary union/company documents.","sequence":42,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_DONOTPAY_FTC_AI_LAWYER_ORDER","title":"FTC finalizes order against DoNotPay over deceptive AI-lawyer claims","event_date":"2025-02-11","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","professional_services","legal_ai"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["legal_ai","professional_services","consumer_protection","deceptive_claims","automation"],"summary":"The FTC finalized an order requiring DoNotPay to stop making deceptive AI-lawyer claims, provide notice to past subscribers and pay monetary relief.","why":"Direct professional-agency signal: AI marketed as substituting for legal expertise triggered regulator action around competence, evidence and substitution claims.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/02/ftc-finalizes-order-donotpay-prohibits-deceptive-ai-lawyer-claims-imposes-monetary-relief-requires"],"secondary":["https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/donotpay"],"note":"","sequence":43,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_EVOLV_FTC_AI_WEAPONS_DETECTION","title":"FTC acts against Evolv over unsupported AI weapons-detection claims","event_date":"2024-11-26","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","safety_ai","deceptive_claims"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["security","schools","ai_claims","safety","professional_liability"],"summary":"The FTC proposed action against Evolv Technologies over allegedly deceptive claims about its AI-powered weapons-detection systems, including cancellation rights for certain K-12 school customers.","why":"Good signal for professional procurement and safety workflows: claimed AI capability can affect security staffing, institutional trust and worker responsibility boundaries.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints","A1_skills_capital"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/11/ftc-takes-action-against-evolv-technologies-deceiving-users-about-its-ai-powered-security-screening"],"secondary":["https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/evolv-technologies"],"note":"","sequence":44,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SEC_AI_WASHING_DELPHIA_GLOBAL_PREDICTIONS","title":"SEC settles first AI-washing cases with Delphia and Global Predictions","event_date":"2024-03-18","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","financial_services","ai_washing"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["finance","ai_washing","investment_advisers","professional_services","disclosure"],"summary":"The SEC charged two investment advisers with making false and misleading statements about their purported use of AI; the firms settled and paid $400,000 in civil penalties.","why":"High-quality signal for industry re-entry and professional-signal preservation: AI branding can distort market credibility and credential signals in financial advisory work.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-36"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-sec-settles-with-two-investment-firms-over-misleading-ai-statements-2024-03-18/"],"note":"","sequence":45,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SEC_RIMAR_AI_WASHING","title":"SEC charges Rimar entities over misleading AI-trading claims","event_date":"2024-10-11","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","financial_services","ai_washing"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["finance","ai_washing","automated_trading","professional_services"],"summary":"The SEC charged Rimar Capital entities and executives over false and misleading statements about purported AI-enabled trading for client accounts and related misrepresentations.","why":"Adds a second finance-domain signal for coding AI hype as a professional-market credential distortion, not just a consumer protection issue.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-167"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":46,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_AUTOMATORS_AI_FTC_BUSINESS_OPPORTUNITY","title":"FTC action bans owners of Automators AI e-commerce money-making scheme","event_date":"2024-02-27","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","ai_business_opportunity","deceptive_claims"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["ai_business_opportunity","entrepreneurship","ecommerce","deceptive_claims","freelance"],"summary":"The FTC said owners of an AI-branded e-commerce scheme agreed to surrender millions in assets and face bans from selling business opportunities or coaching programs involving ecommerce stores.","why":"Useful for employment-form exit: AI entrepreneurship/freelance opportunities can be marketed as mobility pathways but carry deception and income-risk constraints.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return","validated_individual_return_option_value"],"primary":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/ftc-action-leads-ban-owners-automators-ai-e-commerce-money-making-scheme"],"secondary":["https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/automators"],"note":"","sequence":47,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_AIR_AI_FTC_BUSINESS_OPPORTUNITY","title":"FTC settlement bans Air AI from marketing business opportunities after AI-sales claims","event_date":"2026-03-24","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","ai_business_opportunity","deceptive_claims"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["ai_business_opportunity","sales_automation","entrepreneurship","deceptive_claims"],"summary":"The FTC announced a settlement under which Air AI and its owners would be banned from marketing business opportunities over allegations they misled consumers.","why":"Another employment-form exit signal: AI tools marketed as income pathways can impair agency when claims are misleading and switching costs are borne by individuals.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return","validated_individual_return_option_value"],"primary":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/03/air-ai-its-owners-will-be-banned-marketing-business-opportunities-settle-ftc-charges-company-misled"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":48,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_RYTR_FTC_FAKE_REVIEWS","title":"FTC final order targets Rytr AI review-generation service","event_date":"2024-12-18","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","ai_content","reputation_systems"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["ai_content","fake_reviews","reputation","platform_work","consumer_protection"],"summary":"The FTC approved a final order against Rytr over an AI testimonial and review service that allegedly enabled false and deceptive online reviews.","why":"Reputation systems are a core signal layer for freelancers, creators, professionals and platforms; synthetic reviews affect market access and return-option value.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","validated_individual_return_option_value"],"primary":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-approves-final-order-against-rytr-seller-ai-testimonial-review-service-providing-subscribers"],"secondary":["https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/232-3052-rytr-llc-matter"],"note":"","sequence":49,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_CHINA_GENAI_INTERIM_MEASURES","title":"China's interim generative AI measures take effect","event_date":"2023-08-15","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["CN"],"type":["regulation","generative_ai","data_governance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["China","generative_ai","regulation","data","platforms"],"summary":"Chinese authorities issued interim measures for generative AI services, effective August 15, 2023, with obligations around information security, personal information and content governance.","why":"Country-operationalization signal for CN: generative AI governance shapes professional-tool access, vendor risk and cross-border comparability.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints","A5_credential_portability"],"residual_gaps":["cn_ru_task_vector"],"primary":["https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202307/13/content_WS64aff5b3c6d0868f4e8ddc01.html"],"secondary":["https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/statecouncilgazette/202308/30/content_WS64ee8c0cc6d0868f4e8deeea.html"],"note":"","sequence":50,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_CHINA_DEEP_SYNTHESIS_RULES","title":"China deep synthesis rules take effect for deepfake-style AI services","event_date":"2023-01-10","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["CN"],"type":["regulation","deep_synthesis","content_governance"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["China","deep_synthesis","deepfakes","content_governance","platforms"],"summary":"China's provisions on deep synthesis services came into effect in January 2023, creating obligations for providers of synthetic text, image, audio and video services.","why":"Relevant for professional signal integrity and credential/reputation preservation because synthetic media can distort portfolios, identity and market trust.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","cn_ru_task_vector"],"primary":["https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis/"],"secondary":["https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-to-regulate-deep-synthesis-deep-fake-technology-starting-january-2023/"],"note":"","sequence":51,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_RUSSIA_FOREIGN_AI_RESTRICTION_DRAFT","title":"Russia proposes powers to restrict foreign AI tools","event_date":"2026-03-20","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["RU"],"type":["regulation","sovereign_ai","foreign_tools"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["Russia","foreign_ai","data_localization","sovereign_ai","regulation"],"summary":"Reuters reported draft Russian rules that would allow the government to ban or restrict foreign AI tools if they fail to comply with Russian rules, including data-storage expectations.","why":"RU country-operationalization signal: foreign-tool access and data localization can directly affect professional workflow, credential portability and task-vector comparability.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints","A5_credential_portability"],"residual_gaps":["ru_post_2022_credential_practical_operation","cn_ru_task_vector"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/business/russia-give-itself-sweeping-powers-ban-or-restrict-foreign-ai-tools-2026-03-20/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Draft/proposed rules; code as future regulatory-risk signal, not enacted law.","sequence":52,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_RUSSIA_NATIONAL_AI_TASK_FORCE","title":"Russia calls for national generative AI task force and domestic model push","event_date":"2025-11-19","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["RU"],"type":["policy","sovereign_ai","workforce_strategy"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["Russia","sovereign_ai","workforce","domestic_models","policy"],"summary":"President Putin called for a national task force to coordinate generative AI development, domestic models and infrastructure, including a target for AI contribution to GDP.","why":"Useful macro signal for RU: professional workflows may bifurcate between domestic and foreign AI stacks, affecting agency and mobility comparability.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D07_industry_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["ru_post_2022_credential_practical_operation","cn_ru_task_vector"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/russias-putin-calls-national-ai-task-force-2025-11-19/"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":53,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_ROBODEBT_ROYAL_COMMISSION","title":"Australia Robodebt Royal Commission reports on unlawful automated welfare debt scheme","event_date":"2023-07-07","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["Australia"],"type":["public_sector","automated_decision_making","welfare"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["automated_decision_making","welfare","public_sector","accountability","contestability"],"summary":"The Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme presented its report after investigating Australia's unlawful automated welfare debt-recovery scheme.","why":"Strong public-sector analogue for agency constraints: automated decisions can impose debt, reduce mobility and demonstrate why contestability and human oversight matter.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://robodebt.royalcommission.gov.au/publications/report"],"secondary":["https://www.opengovpartnership.org/members/australia/commitments/AU0024/"],"note":"","sequence":54,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_FRANCE_CNAF_RISK_SCORING_CHALLENGE","title":"French NGOs challenge CNAF welfare risk-scoring algorithm","event_date":"2024-10-16","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU","France"],"type":["legal_challenge","public_sector","algorithmic_scoring"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["welfare","risk_scoring","France","discrimination","public_sector"],"summary":"Civil-society groups challenged the French CNAF risk-scoring algorithm used to select welfare recipients for investigation, alleging discriminatory targeting of marginalized groups.","why":"Adjacent but valuable: public algorithms can affect workers' financial stability, job-search capacity and trust in institutional systems.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/10/france-discriminatory-algorithm-used-by-the-social-security-agency-must-be-stopped/"],"secondary":["https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2026/01/20/cnafs-discriminatory-scoring-algorithm-10-new-organisations-join-the-case-before-the-conseil-detat-in-france/"],"note":"","sequence":55,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_UNITEDHEALTH_NHPREDICT_LAWSUIT","title":"UnitedHealth sued over alleged AI-driven denial of post-acute care","event_date":"2023-11-14","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","healthcare","algorithmic_denial"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["healthcare","insurance","algorithmic_denial","professional_workflow","care_management"],"summary":"A proposed class action alleged that UnitedHealth used an AI algorithm to systematically deny elderly patients extended care such as nursing-facility stays.","why":"Professional workflow signal: AI can reshape clinicians' and case managers' discretion, creating institutional constraints around professional judgment.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/lawsuit-claims-unitedhealth-ai-wrongfully-denies-elderly-extended-care-2023-11-14/"],"secondary":["https://www.statnews.com/denied-by-ai-unitedhealth-investigative-series/"],"note":"Allegations pending/contested; code as litigation signal.","sequence":56,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_CIGNA_PXDX_ALGORITHM_CLAIMS_DENIAL","title":"Cigna PxDx reporting and lawsuit highlight automated claim-denial workflow","event_date":"2023-03-25","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["investigation","healthcare","algorithmic_denial"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["healthcare","insurance","claims","algorithmic_denial","professional_workflow"],"summary":"ProPublica reported that Cigna used PxDx to process large volumes of claim denials, and subsequent legal/regulatory attention challenged the role of automated review in medical-payment decisions.","why":"Adds healthcare-insurance signal for professional workflow compression and human oversight limits.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.propublica.org/article/cigna-pxdx-medical-health-insurance-rejection-claims"],"secondary":["https://www.propublica.org/article/cigna-health-insurance-denials-pxdx-congress-investigation","https://www.axios.com/2023/07/25/ai-lawsuits-health-cigna-algorithm-payment-denial"],"note":"Use with care: PxDx described as algorithmic automation; Cigna disputed framing.","sequence":57,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_HUMANA_NHPREDICT_LAWSUIT","title":"Humana sued over alleged use of nH Predict algorithm in Medicare Advantage denials","event_date":"2023-12-13","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","healthcare","algorithmic_denial"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["healthcare","insurance","algorithmic_denial","Medicare_Advantage"],"summary":"A lawsuit alleged Humana used the nH Predict algorithm to deny care in Medicare Advantage, echoing claims around algorithmic estimates overriding clinical judgment.","why":"Relevant to agency because AI-driven administrative constraints may alter healthcare professional roles, liability and re-entry signal value.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints","A1_skills_capital"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/humana-lawsuit-algorithm-medicare-advantage-deny-claims/702403/"],"secondary":["https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2816204"],"note":"Primary legal complaint should be pinned before litigation use.","sequence":58,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SENATE_PSI_MEDICARE_ADVANTAGE_PRIOR_AUTH","title":"US Senate staff report flags Medicare Advantage denials amid automated prior authorization","event_date":"2024-10-17","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_report","healthcare","algorithmic_denial"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["healthcare","prior_authorization","automation","oversight","insurance"],"summary":"A Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations majority staff report found prior-authorization denials for post-acute care rose at major Medicare Advantage insurers as automated processes were implemented.","why":"Useful system-level signal for professional-agency constraints and workflow automation in healthcare administration.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.blumenthal.senate.gov/newsroom/press/release/senate-permanent-subcommittee-on-investigations-releases-majority-staff-report-exposing-medicare-advantage-insurers-refusal-of-care-for-vulnerable-seniors"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":59,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2022_NLRB_ALGORITHMIC_MONITORING_MEMO","title":"NLRB General Counsel memo targets intrusive electronic monitoring and automated management","event_date":"2022-10-31","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_guidance","algorithmic_management","worker_surveillance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["algorithmic_management","surveillance","labor_rights","union","automated_management"],"summary":"The NLRB General Counsel announced an enforcement approach aimed at protecting workers from intrusive or abusive electronic monitoring and automated management practices.","why":"Core signal for agency: algorithmic monitoring can suppress organizing and shape mobility/exit decisions without formal job loss.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D04_vertical_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.nlrb.gov/news-outreach/news-story/nlrb-general-counsel-issues-memo-on-unlawful-electronic-surveillance-and"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":60,"event_year":2022,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_DOL_AI_WORKER_WELLBEING_BEST_PRACTICES","title":"US Department of Labor releases AI and worker well-being best-practices roadmap","event_date":"2024-10-16","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_guidance","worker_wellbeing","ai_governance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["worker_wellbeing","ai_governance","transparency","human_oversight","reskilling"],"summary":"The US Department of Labor released AI Best Practices for developers and employers, building on AI and Worker Well-being principles under the AI Executive Order.","why":"Good normative benchmark for agency parameters, especially transparency, worker input, human oversight and retraining around workplace AI.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A3_adaptability_self_efficacy","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/osec/osec20241016"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":61,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_OFCCP_AI_SELECTION_FAQ","title":"OFCCP flags federal-contractor AI selection procedures for validation scrutiny","event_date":"2024-04-05","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_guidance","algorithmic_hiring","federal_contractors"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["hiring","selection_procedures","federal_contractors","validation","adverse_impact"],"summary":"OFCCP joined federal agencies in AI guidance and noted that it would analyze federal contractors' AI-based selection procedures under validation and equal-opportunity requirements.","why":"Directly useful for testing applicant-scoring signals and mapping hiring AI to credential portability and institutional constraints.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/ofccp/ofccp20240405"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":62,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2022_EEOC_DOJ_AI_ADA_GUIDANCE","title":"EEOC and DOJ warn employers about AI hiring tools and disability discrimination","event_date":"2022-05-12","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_guidance","algorithmic_hiring","disability"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["hiring","ADA","disability","algorithmic_fairness","employment_decisions"],"summary":"EEOC and DOJ issued technical assistance warning that AI, algorithms and software used in hiring and employment decisions must comply with the ADA.","why":"High-quality pre-litigation signal for AI hiring: tool design can change access to work for disabled applicants and workers.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.eeoc.gov/newsroom/us-eeoc-and-us-department-justice-warn-against-disability-discrimination"],"secondary":["https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc-disability-related-resources/artificial-intelligence-and-ada"],"note":"","sequence":63,"event_year":2022,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2020_MARYLAND_FACE_RECOGNITION_INTERVIEW_LAW","title":"Maryland law requires consent before facial-recognition services in job interviews","event_date":"2020-10-01","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Maryland"],"type":["regulation","algorithmic_hiring","facial_recognition"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["hiring","facial_recognition","consent","interview","state_law"],"summary":"Maryland enacted a law prohibiting employers from using certain facial-recognition services during employment interviews unless the applicant consents.","why":"Early US state-level signal for regulating automated applicant assessment and consent in hiring workflows.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB1202?ys=2020RS"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":64,"event_year":2020,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_CALIFORNIA_EMPLOYMENT_AI_REGS","title":"California approves employment-discrimination regulations for automated decision systems","event_date":"2025-06-30","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","California"],"type":["regulation","algorithmic_hiring","employment_decisions"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["hiring","employment_decisions","automated_decision_systems","California","discrimination"],"summary":"California's Civil Rights Council announced final approval of regulations clarifying how employment-discrimination law applies to AI, algorithms and automated decision systems.","why":"Major state-level institutional-constraint signal for US country operationalization and algorithmic hiring tests.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit","D03_vertical_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/2025/06/30/civil-rights-council-secures-approval-for-regulations-to-protect-against-employment-discrimination-related-to-artificial-intelligence/"],"secondary":["https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2025/06/Final-Text-regulations-automated-employment-decision-systems.pdf"],"note":"Effective date reported by practitioner sources as Oct 1, 2025.","sequence":65,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_ILLINOIS_AI_EMPLOYMENT_AMENDMENTS","title":"Illinois AI-in-employment amendments take effect","event_date":"2026-01-01","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Illinois"],"type":["regulation","algorithmic_hiring","employment_decisions"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["hiring","promotion","employment_decisions","Illinois","AI_notice"],"summary":"Illinois HB 3773 amendments to the Human Rights Act took effect January 1, 2026, prohibiting discriminatory AI use in employment decisions and requiring notice in certain contexts.","why":"Adds a 2026 state-law signal to test regulatory variation in algorithmic hiring, promotions and workplace scoring.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://legiscan.com/IL/text/HB3773/id/3016806"],"secondary":["https://www.hinshawlaw.com/en/insights/blogs/employment-law-observer/illinois-adopts-new-ai-in-employment-regulations-what-employers-need-to-know-for-2026","https://ogletree.com/insights-resources/blog-posts/illinois-unveils-draft-notice-rules-on-ai-use-in-employment-ahead-of-discrimination-ban/"],"note":"Use legal text as primary; practitioner summaries for implementation details.","sequence":66,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_ABA_FORMAL_OPINION_512","title":"ABA Formal Opinion 512 sets lawyer duties for generative AI use","event_date":"2024-07-29","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["professional_guidance","legal_ai","ethics"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["legal_ai","professional_ethics","confidentiality","supervision","competence"],"summary":"ABA Formal Opinion 512 addressed lawyers' duties around generative AI, including competence, confidentiality, communication, supervision, candor and fees.","why":"Important professional-signal preservation event: courts and bars are turning AI use into explicit competence/supervision criteria.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D04_vertical_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business_law/resources/business-law-today/2024-october/aba-ethics-opinion-generative-ai-offers-useful-framework/"],"secondary":["https://thebarexaminer.ncbex.org/article/fall-2024/generative-artificial-intelligence-tools/"],"note":"Official ABA opinion URL should be pinned if available; current source is ABA Business Law summary.","sequence":67,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_CALIFORNIA_COURT_AI_POLICY","title":"California courts adopt generative AI policy rule for judges and court staff","event_date":"2025-07-18","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","California"],"type":["professional_guidance","judicial_ai","legal_ai"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["legal_ai","courts","judges","court_staff","professional_workflow"],"summary":"California's court system adopted a rule requiring courts to either ban generative AI or establish policies addressing confidentiality, privacy, bias, oversight, transparency and verification.","why":"Useful professional workflow signal for legal sector: AI use shifts from informal experimentation to governable competence and oversight regime.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D04_vertical_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/california-court-system-adopts-rule-ai-use-2025-07-18/"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":68,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_TEXAS_PIECES_HEALTHCARE_AI_SETTLEMENT","title":"Texas AG settles first-of-its-kind healthcare generative AI accuracy investigation","event_date":"2024-09-18","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Texas"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","healthcare_ai","deceptive_claims"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["healthcare","generative_ai","clinical_notes","accuracy_claims","state_ag"],"summary":"Texas AG Ken Paxton announced a settlement with Pieces Technologies over allegations of false or misleading claims about the accuracy and safety of healthcare AI products.","why":"High-quality healthcare professional-workflow signal: AI accuracy claims can affect doctors, nurses, documentation work and institutional liability.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-reaches-settlement-first-its-kind-healthcare-generative-ai-investigation"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":69,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_COHEN_BARD_FAKE_CASES_NO_SANCTIONS","title":"Michael Cohen episode shows court limits of AI-generated fake-citation sanctions","event_date":"2024-03-20","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","legal_ai","professional_error"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["legal_ai","fake_cases","professional_error","sanctions","Bard"],"summary":"A federal judge declined to sanction Michael Cohen for mistakenly providing AI-generated fake citations, calling the episode embarrassing but not sanctionable on the facts.","why":"Contrast case for legal AI professional-error taxonomy: not every hallucination leads to sanction; intent, role and verification duties matter.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D04_vertical_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/michael-cohen-wont-face-sanctions-after-generating-fake-cases-with-ai-2024-03-20/"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/michael-cohens-lawyer-asks-court-spare-sanctions-over-made-up-cases-2024-01-04/"],"note":"","sequence":70,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SECOND_CIRCUIT_AI_FAKE_CASE_DISCIPLINE","title":"Second Circuit refers lawyer for possible discipline over AI-invented citation","event_date":"2024-01-30","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","legal_ai","professional_error"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["legal_ai","fake_cases","discipline","professional_error","court"],"summary":"Reuters reported that another New York lawyer faced potential discipline after an AI chatbot invented a case citation in a court filing.","why":"Adds second legal-sector professional-error signal after Mata v. Avianca, useful for mapping signal preservation and reputational penalties.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D04_vertical_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/another-ny-lawyer-faces-discipline-after-ai-chatbot-invented-case-citation-2024-01-30/"],"secondary":[],"note":"","sequence":71,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_PROP22_CA_SUPREME_COURT","title":"California Supreme Court upholds Prop 22 contractor classification for app-based drivers","event_date":"2024-07-25","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","platform_work","employment_classification"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["platform_work","gig_work","prop22","contractor_status","employment_form_return"],"summary":"The California Supreme Court upheld Proposition 22, preserving app-based driver classification as independent contractors under the statute.","why":"High-signal legal boundary for D10: contractor status is structurally preserved, shaping workers’ ability to exit/return between wage work and platform work.","dimensions":["D10_employment_form_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/2024/s279622.html","https://www.reuters.com/legal/california-top-court-upholds-ballot-measure-treating-uber-lyft-drivers-2024-07-25/"],"secondary":["https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/07/prop-22-california-gig-work-law-upheld/"],"note":"Treat as classification/rights signal, not as evidence of worker preference.","sequence":72,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["1.2"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_EU_PWD_ENTRY_INTO_FORCE","title":"EU Platform Work Directive enters into force with 2026 transposition deadline","event_date":"2024-12-01","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU"],"type":["regulation","platform_work","algorithmic_management"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["platform_work","algorithmic_management","employment_status","worker_rights"],"summary":"Directive (EU) 2024/2831 entered into force; member states must transpose it by 2 December 2026.","why":"Creates a legal clock for employment-form return/exit in platform work and algorithmic-management governance.","dimensions":["D10_employment_form_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/working-conditions-in-platform-work.html","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj"],"secondary":[],"note":"Duplicate-adjacent to v0.2 Council-adoption signal, but this is a separate implementation-clock event.","sequence":73,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["1.4"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_KLARNA_REHIRES_HUMANS_AFTER_AI_SUPPORT_PUSH","title":"Klarna begins rehiring human customer-service agents after AI-first service quality concerns","event_date":"2025-05-08","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","AI_walkback","customer_service"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["customer_support","AI_walkback","rehiring","service_quality","employment_form_return"],"summary":"Klarna’s CEO told Bloomberg that cost-cutting in customer service fueled by AI had gone too far and that the company was recruiting humans to ensure customers can reach people.","why":"Clean AI-walkback signal for D10: the organization partially restores human roles after AI substitution proved quality-limited.","dimensions":["D10_employment_form_return","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return","validated_individual_return_option_value"],"primary":["https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-08/klarna-turns-from-ai-to-real-person-customer-service"],"secondary":["https://fortune.com/2025/05/09/klarna-ai-humans-return-on-investment/","https://apnews.com/article/ca87ae77d7c6797ebb2628bd1b532929"],"note":"Company narrative and media framing vary; code as walkback/rehiring signal, not proof of exact displacement count.","sequence":74,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["1.7"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_IBM_AI_REPLACES_HUNDREDS_HR_ROLES","title":"IBM says AI agents replaced hundreds of HR roles while overall hiring grew elsewhere","event_date":"2025-05-05","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","AI_workforce_reallocation"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["HR","AskHR","AI_agents","role_reallocation","walkback"],"summary":"IBM CEO Arvind Krishna said AI agents replaced several hundred HR roles, while overall employment increased in programming, sales and other areas.","why":"Important walkback against the viral 7,800/8,000 framing: evidence points to role reallocation, not simple one-for-one AI mass replacement.","dimensions":["D06_lateral_professional_return","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://www.wsj.com/articles/ibm-ceo-says-ai-has-replaced-hundreds-of-workers-but-created-new-programming-sales-jobs-54ea6b58"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/ibm-pause-hiring-plans-jobs-that-could-be-replaced-by-ai-2023-05-01/"],"note":"Use paired with 2023 IBM hiring-pause signal in v0.2; do not encode viral 8,000 rehired claim as verified.","sequence":75,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["1.8","6.10"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_DUOLINGO_AI_FIRST_CONTRACTOR_WALKBACK","title":"Duolingo CEO clarifies AI-first contractor phaseout does not imply full-time layoffs","event_date":"2025-08-18","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_self_disclosure","AI_walkback","contractor_work"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"C","tags":["contractors","AI_first","walkback","content_work"],"summary":"After backlash over an AI-first memo, Duolingo’s CEO clarified that the company had not laid off full-time employees due to AI and that contractor changes were tied to project needs.","why":"Useful paired signal: contractor dependence can be reduced while core employment is retained, complicating D10 coding.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://fortune.com/2025/08/18/duolingo-ceo-admits-controversial-ai-memo-did-not-give-enough-context-insists-company-never-laid-off-full-time-employees/"],"secondary":["https://www.businessinsider.com/duolingo-ceo-does-not-plan-lay-off-full-timers-ai-2025-8","https://www.theverge.com/news/657594/duolingo-ai-first-replace-contract-workers"],"note":"C-level corporate clarification; code as narrative/walkback, not independent employment data.","sequence":76,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["1.6","6.24"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_BLS_CWS_FIELDED","title":"BLS fields May 2025 Contingent Worker Supplement, with results pending","event_date":"2025-05-15","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["data_release","labor_statistics","contingent_work"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["BLS","CWS","contingent_work","alternative_work","data_infrastructure"],"summary":"BLS fielded the Contingent Worker Supplement in FY2025/May 2025 after the 2017 and 2023 waves; results were pending as of this corpus update.","why":"Data-infrastructure signal for D09/D10: the next wave can improve measurement of contingent and alternative work but still may not fully capture return capacity.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/general/budget/2027/CBJ-2027-V3-01.pdf","https://www.bls.gov/blog/2024/contingent-jobs-and-alternative-work-arrangements-what-you-need-to-know.htm"],"secondary":[],"note":"Official results not yet published in the checked sources; event is fielding/data-infrastructure, not results.","sequence":77,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["1.15"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_BLS_CWS_REVISION_NOTICE","title":"Federal Register notice proposes July 2026 CWS revisions for digital labor platform work","event_date":"2026-02-10","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["data_release","labor_statistics","platform_work"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["BLS","CWS","digital_platform_work","measurement_gap"],"summary":"BLS published a Federal Register notice for proposed revisions to the CWS to incorporate updates to digital labor platform work questions in July 2026.","why":"Directly addresses the D10 measurement gap by expanding official survey questions around platform work.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/02/10/2026-02629/proposed-revision-of-information-collection-contingent-work-supplement-to-the-current-population"],"secondary":["https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-02-10/pdf/2026-02629.pdf"],"note":"Measurement-update signal; does not itself provide realized-transition panel data.","sequence":78,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["1.14"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_RU_SELF_EMPLOYED_ILLEGAL_EMPLOYMENT_COMMISSIONS","title":"Russia starts interagency oversight commissions targeting disguised self-employment","event_date":"2024-03-01","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["RU"],"type":["regulation","self_employment","labor_enforcement"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["самозанятые","НПД","illegal_employment","misclassification","employment_status"],"summary":"New Russian rules created interagency commission mechanisms to detect illegal employment and misuse of self-employed contractor status.","why":"RU D10 signal: self-employment is increasingly treated as a compliance boundary rather than a purely flexible work form.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return","ru_post_2022_credential_practical_operation"],"primary":["https://acsour.com/en/news-and-articles/tpost/cbbxx3bty1-new-rules-for-working-with-the-self-empl"],"secondary":["https://www.kontur-extern.ru/info/51422-tenevaya_zanyatost"],"note":"Use as regulatory/enforcement signal. Primary official legal acts should be pinned in a later legal appendix.","sequence":79,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.3"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_YANDEX_NEBIUS_SPLIT","title":"Yandex N.V. completes split from Russian assets and later becomes Nebius Group","event_date":"2024-07-15","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["RU","EU","Global"],"type":["corporate_restructuring","geographic_mobility","AI_infrastructure"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["Yandex","Nebius","Russia_exit","AI_infrastructure","talent_mobility"],"summary":"Yandex N.V. finalized the sale of Russian assets in July 2024; the Dutch parent was later renamed Nebius Group, retaining AI-focused international businesses.","why":"High-signal sector/geographic mobility event for Russian tech talent and industry re-entry signal preservation.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D02_geographic_return","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A4_network_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","ru_post_2022_credential_practical_operation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/yandex-nv-finalises-54-bln-deal-sell-russian-businesses-2024-07-15/","https://www.reuters.com/technology/yandex-nv-renamed-nebius-group-after-russia-split-2024-08-16/"],"secondary":["https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/21/from-yandexs-ashes-comes-nebius-a-startup-with-plans-to-be-a-european-ai-compute-leader/"],"note":"Separate corporate transaction (A/B) from staff-count claims (B/C depending on source).","sequence":80,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.4"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_OUTRUSH_WAVE4_RUSSIAN_EMIGRANT_RETURN","title":"OutRush Wave 4 reports roughly 8% return among surveyed post-2022 Russian emigrants","event_date":"2025-03-25","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["RU","Global"],"type":["data_release","migration","return_migration"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["OutRush","Russian_emigration","return_migration","brain_drain"],"summary":"OutRush Wave 4, based on July–November 2024 survey data and nearly 8,600 respondents, reported roughly 8% return between 2023 and 2024 and substantial secondary migration.","why":"Best transparent event-level anchor for Russia post-2022 geographic return; useful for testing D02 but selection-biased.","dimensions":["D02_geographic_return","D01_geographic_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["ru_post_2022_credential_practical_operation"],"primary":["https://outrush.io/report_march_2025_eng","https://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/news/migration-integration-and-activism-among-russian-emigrants"],"secondary":["https://www.eui.eu/news-hub?id=no-return-home-russian-emigration-after-the-invasion-with-emil-kamalov-1&lang=en-GB","https://meduza.io/en/feature/2025/03/26/less-sadness-more-frustration"],"note":"Selection bias: likely over-represents politically active/high-skill emigrants. Still stronger than official press claims.","sequence":81,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.15","5.7"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_RU_SELF_EMPLOYED_15M_FNS","title":"Russian FNS data show registered self-employed exceeding 15 million in Jan–Nov 2025","event_date":"2025-12-03","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["RU"],"type":["govt_data","self_employment","labor_market"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["самозанятые","ФНС","НПД","self_employment","labor_market"],"summary":"Russian tax data reported 15.168 million registered self-employed in January–November 2025, up 24.2% from 12.208 million.","why":"Scale signal for D09/D10: the НПД base is large enough that return-to-wage and contractor-misclassification measurement matters.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://www.interfax.ru/business/1061205"],"secondary":["https://smartlab.news/read/175461-doxody-samozaniatyx-v-rossii-po-itogam-2025-goda-prevysili-rub3-trln-uvelicivsis-na-386-gg-vedomosti"],"note":"Use official FNS-backed counts where possible; media summaries are secondary.","sequence":82,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.11"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_RU_NPD_SICKNESS_INSURANCE_PILOT","title":"Russia begins voluntary sickness-insurance pilot for self-employed NPD workers","event_date":"2026-01-01","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["RU"],"type":["regulation","self_employment","social_protection"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["самозанятые","НПД","sick_leave","social_insurance","employment_form_return"],"summary":"Russia began a voluntary sickness-insurance pilot for self-employed NPD workers from 1 January 2026, improving partial benefit portability for that employment form.","why":"D10 signal: social-protection features reduce the sharpness of employee↔self-employed boundary, but do not directly measure return to payroll work.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://iz.ru/en/node/2016660","https://konsugroup.com/en/news/law-major-amendments-tax-code-signed/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Factcheck adjusted: uploaded candidate dated the signing as 2024; checked sources point to 2025 tax reform / 2026 effective date. Keep confidence medium until official law text is pinned.","sequence":83,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.6","2.12"],"factcheck_status":"partial","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_CN_EMPLOYMENT_PRIORITY_GUIDELINES","title":"China issues high-quality full-employment guidelines referencing flexible employment protections","event_date":"2024-09-25","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["CN"],"type":["regulation","employment_policy","flexible_work"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["China","employment_priority","flexible_employment","social_protection"],"summary":"China’s CPC Central Committee and State Council issued guidelines to promote high-quality and full employment, including improved support for flexible employment.","why":"CN D10/A6 anchor: state policy explicitly connects flexible employment with social-protection and high-quality employment goals.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["cn_ru_task_vector","individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://english.www.gov.cn/policies/policywatch/202409/27/content_WS66f6174ec6d0868f4e8eb510.html","https://english.scio.gov.cn/m/topnews/2024-09/26/content_117450624.html"],"secondary":[],"note":"Policy signal; not evidence of individual outcomes.","sequence":84,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.18"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_CN_NEW_FLEXIBLE_EMPLOYMENT_REPORT","title":"Jinan University and Zhaopin report growth in China new flexible employment postings and applicants","event_date":"2025-02-20","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["CN"],"type":["data_release","flexible_work","labor_market"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["China","flexible_employment","Zhaopin","Jinan_University","gig_work"],"summary":"A Jinan University/Zhaopin report showed flexible-employment job postings rising from 8.4% in 2019 to 15.2% in 2024 and jobseeker share reaching 36.4% in 2024.","why":"Useful CN D10 proxy where individual panel data are unavailable: demand and applicant-share signals reveal movement into flexible work.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["cn_ru_task_vector","individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://iesr.jnu.edu.cn/2025/0416/c17210a834071/page.htm"],"secondary":["https://www.caixinglobal.com/2025-08-01/in-depth-cost-cutting-freezes-over-35s-out-of-chinas-job-market-102347777.html","https://english.news.cn/20230913/dbec1509cedc4f32a44ab3807228d1e1/c.html"],"note":"Use as labor-market signal; not a panel and not directly comparable to O*NET/PIAAC.","sequence":85,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.19"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_CN_AI_LABELING_MEASURES_ISSUED","title":"Chinese regulators issue AI-generated synthetic content labeling measures","event_date":"2025-03-14","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["CN"],"type":["regulation","AI_governance","content_labeling"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["China","AI_labeling","CAC","synthetic_content","AI_governance"],"summary":"CAC and other Chinese regulators issued measures requiring explicit and implicit labeling of AI-generated/synthetic content, effective 1 September 2025.","why":"AI-governance signal affecting professional signal preservation: content provenance becomes a regulated marker in digital work.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","cn_ru_task_vector"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/chinese-regulators-issue-requirements-labeling-ai-generated-content-2025-03-14/","https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm"],"secondary":["https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/ai-labeling/"],"note":"Keep a separate event for the 2025-09-01 effective date if timeline testing needs implementation clocks.","sequence":86,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.20"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_CN_YOUTH_UNEMPLOYMENT_189","title":"China youth unemployment reaches 18.9% under revised methodology","event_date":"2025-09-17","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["CN"],"type":["govt_data","labor_market","youth_unemployment"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["China","youth_unemployment","graduates","labor_market"],"summary":"Reuters reported NBS data showing China’s 16–24 unemployment rate excluding students reached 18.9% in August 2025, the highest under the revised methodology.","why":"D06/D10 stress signal: high youth unemployment constrains vertical/lateral entry and increases pressure toward flexible work.","dimensions":["D06_lateral_professional_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["cn_ru_task_vector"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/world/chinas-youth-jobless-rate-climbs-189-august-2025-09-17/"],"secondary":["https://www.caixinglobal.com/2025-09-19/analysis-youth-unemployment-surge-exposes-cracks-in-chinas-economic-transition-102363893.html"],"note":"Use with caveat: students excluded after methodology change; cross-time comparability to pre-2023 data is limited.","sequence":87,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["2.23"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_META_YEAR_OF_EFFICIENCY_FLATTENING","title":"Meta Year of Efficiency memo asks many managers to become individual contributors","event_date":"2023-03-14","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","delayering","vertical_mobility"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["Meta","delayering","manager_to_IC","vertical_return","middle_management"],"summary":"Meta announced it would flatten the organization by removing multiple layers of management and asking many managers to become individual contributors.","why":"Canonical D04 signal: manager→IC track switching was formalized at scale by a major tech company.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D03_vertical_exit"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://about.fb.com/news/2023/03/mark-zuckerberg-meta-year-of-efficiency/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Existing v0.2 had AI/layoff signals; this adds explicit manager→IC track-switch evidence.","sequence":88,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.1","3.2"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_AMAZON_IC_MANAGER_RATIO_AND_RTO","title":"Amazon requires 15% increase in IC-to-manager ratio and announces five-day RTO","event_date":"2024-09-16","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_policy","delayering","return_to_office"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["Amazon","IC_manager_ratio","delayering","RTO","vertical_return"],"summary":"Amazon CEO Andy Jassy told staff each s-team organization should increase the ratio of individual contributors to managers by at least 15% by end-Q1 2025 and return to the office five days a week from January 2025.","why":"Strong vertical-return / delayering and location-anchor signal; RTO also constrains geographic/remote exit options.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D09_employment_form_exit","D01_geographic_exit"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/ceo-andy-jassy-latest-update-on-amazon-return-to-office-manager-team-ratio"],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/2024/9/16/24246428/amazon-return-to-office-five-days-a-week"],"note":"Official memo; code as policy intent, not realized individual outcomes.","sequence":89,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.4","3.5"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_GOOGLE_MANAGERIAL_ROLE_CUTS","title":"Google cuts about 10% of manager/director/VP roles, with some converted to IC roles","event_date":"2024-12-19","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","delayering","vertical_mobility"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["Google","delayering","manager_to_IC","efficiency","vertical_return"],"summary":"Business Insider reported Sundar Pichai told staff Google had cut 10% of manager, director and VP roles as part of an efficiency drive; some roles were converted to IC roles.","why":"High-signal D04 proxy: track-switching and hierarchy flattening are occurring at scale, but worker-level stigma/equivalence remains unmeasured.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D03_vertical_exit"],"agency":["A2_career_identity","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://www.businessinsider.com/google-ceo-company-cut-manager-vp-roles-2024-12"],"secondary":["https://www.linkedin.com/news/story/google-has-cut-10-of-managers-vps-7109234/"],"note":"Internal all-hands reporting; classify B, not A.","sequence":90,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.6"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_WORKDAY_AI_INVESTMENT_LAYOFFS","title":"Workday cuts 1,750 jobs while prioritizing AI and platform investment","event_date":"2025-02-05","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","layoffs","AI_investment"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["Workday","layoffs","AI_investment","platform","enterprise_software"],"summary":"Workday announced about 1,750 layoffs, around 8.5% of its workforce, while saying it would prioritize investments in AI and platform development.","why":"Enterprise-workflow signal: labor-market restructuring is tied to AI investment priorities, but not necessarily one-for-one AI replacement.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/business/workday-cut-85-its-workforce-2025-02-05/"],"secondary":["https://apnews.com/article/437581ad79d6e1cef2de7b300015dfbb","https://www.humanresourcesonline.net/workday-layoffs-1-750-positions-to-be-cut-packages-based-on-local-standards-to-be-provided"],"note":"Code as AI-era restructuring, not direct automation proof.","sequence":91,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.9"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_STRIPE_300_CUTS_STILL_HIRING","title":"Stripe cuts 300 roles while stating hiring plan remains on track","event_date":"2025-01-21","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","layoffs","workforce_reallocation"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["Stripe","layoffs","hiring","engineering","operations"],"summary":"Stripe cut around 300 employees, mostly in product, engineering and operations, while saying it still planned to reach about 10,000 employees by year-end.","why":"Useful reallocation signal: layoffs and hiring can coexist, complicating simple AI-displacement coding.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.businessinsider.com/stripe-layoffs-staff-payments-memo-2025-1"],"secondary":["https://www.bankingdive.com/news/stripe-cuts-300-employees/737977/"],"note":"Not explicitly AI-driven; keep confidence medium-high for event, low for AI attribution.","sequence":92,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.8","6.8"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_SALESFORCE_ENGINEERING_HIRING_FREEZE_AI","title":"Salesforce CEO says AI productivity means no new software engineers in 2025","event_date":"2025-02-27","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","AI_productivity","hiring_freeze"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"C","tags":["Salesforce","Agentforce","engineering","hiring_freeze","AI_productivity"],"summary":"Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff said the company would not hire more software engineers in 2025 after AI coding tools reportedly increased productivity.","why":"Soft but useful D04/D06 signal: AI changes new-hire gates and career-entry opportunities, but statement requires cautious coding.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.theregister.com/2025/02/27/salesforce_misses_revenue_guidance/"],"secondary":["https://www.salesforceben.com/salesforce-will-hire-no-more-software-engineers-in-2025-says-marc-benioff/"],"note":"Corporate statement; verify against actual job postings before using as hard hiring data.","sequence":93,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.10"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_SALESFORCE_SUPPORT_AI_CUTS","title":"Salesforce CEO says AI agents enabled reduction of 4,000 customer-support roles","event_date":"2025-09-02","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","AI_workforce_reallocation","customer_support"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["Salesforce","Agentforce","customer_support","AI_agents","layoffs"],"summary":"Benioff said Salesforce reduced customer-support headcount from about 9,000 to 5,000 as Agentforce and AI agents handled more work.","why":"Strong corporate self-disclosure for service-work AI substitution; still needs headcount validation from filings.","dimensions":["D10_employment_form_return","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.businessinsider.com/marc-benioff-says-salesforce-cut-4000-roles-because-of-agents-2025-9"],"secondary":["https://www.techradar.com/pro/salesforce-says-it-cuts-4-000-support-jobs-and-replaced-them-with-ai"],"note":"Code as CEO disclosure; not a public WARN/filing count.","sequence":94,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.11"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_MICROSOFT_MAY_6000_LAYOFFS","title":"Microsoft cuts more than 6,000 employees while streamlining layers","event_date":"2025-05-13","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","layoffs","delayering"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["Microsoft","layoffs","AI_capex","management_layers"],"summary":"Microsoft announced layoffs affecting more than 6,000 employees, around 3% of the workforce, amid a push to streamline management layers and invest heavily in AI infrastructure.","why":"AI-era workforce-reallocation signal; useful for vertical mobility and management-layer testing.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://apnews.com/article/d1f2de54ebad6f099deac8fbd3375835"],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/news/659401/microsoft-layoffs-three-percent-workforce"],"note":"AI attribution indirect; classify event high, AI-causality medium.","sequence":95,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.12"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_MICROSOFT_JULY_9000_LAYOFFS","title":"Microsoft cuts about 9,100 jobs amid AI infrastructure spending and layer reduction","event_date":"2025-07-02","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_announcement","layoffs","AI_capex"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["Microsoft","layoffs","AI_capex","Xbox","management_layers"],"summary":"Reuters reported Microsoft would cut nearly 4% of its workforce, about 9,100 jobs, while pursuing cost reduction amid heavy AI infrastructure investment.","why":"High-signal enterprise workforce restructuring case: AI-capex pressure and delayering affect mobility opportunities even without direct automation proof.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/business/world-at-work/microsoft-lay-off-many-9000-employees-seattle-times-reports-2025-07-02/"],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/news/693535/microsoft-layoffs-july-2025-xbox"],"note":"Use as restructuring/capex signal, not proof of direct AI replacement.","sequence":96,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["3.13"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_NYC_LL144_ENFORCEMENT_AUDIT","title":"NY State Comptroller audit finds NYC Local Law 144 enforcement ineffective","event_date":"2025-12-02","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["govt_audit","algorithmic_hiring","regulatory_enforcement"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["NYC_LL144","AEDT","AI_hiring","enforcement","audit"],"summary":"The NY State Comptroller found DCWP’s enforcement of Local Law 144 ineffective, including complaint-routing and compliance-review problems.","why":"Critical implementation signal: having an AI hiring law does not mean effective candidate protection or signal correction.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.osc.ny.gov/state-agencies/audits/2025/12/02/enforcement-local-law-144-automated-employment-decision-tools"],"secondary":["https://www.osc.ny.gov/press/releases/2025/12/dinapoli-new-yorkers-deserve-transparent-hiring-process-when-artificial-intelligence-used-vet-their"],"note":"Adds enforcement-quality layer to the existing v0.2 LL144 signal.","sequence":97,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["4.10"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_ONET_302_JOB_ZONE_UPDATE","title":"O*NET 30.2 updates Job Zones with new four-level framework and 325 occupation reassignments","event_date":"2026-02-24","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["data_release","occupation_taxonomy","skills_data"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["O*NET","Job_Zones","occupation_taxonomy","skill_demands","signal_preservation"],"summary":"O*NET 30.2 updated 886 occupations and reassigned Job Zones for 325 occupations using a new four-level framework reflecting increased skill demands.","why":"Methodology signal for D04/D05/D08: level equivalence and skill-demand shifts affect vertical return and industry re-entry scoring.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.onetcenter.org/whatsnew.html","https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html"],"secondary":["https://www.onetcenter.org/reports/Job_Zone_Transition.html"],"note":"This is a data-release signal, not a labor-market event.","sequence":98,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["4.20"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_OECD_PIAAC_CYCLE2_RELEASE","title":"OECD releases PIAAC Cycle 2 Round 1 adult-skills results","event_date":"2024-12-10","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["OECD","Global"],"type":["data_release","skills_data","adult_skills"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["PIAAC","adult_skills","literacy","numeracy","problem_solving"],"summary":"OECD released new Survey of Adult Skills results on 10 December 2024; the Round 1 database covers 31 countries with data collected in 2022–2023.","why":"Baseline A1 skills-capital layer; also highlights CN/RU comparability gaps where coverage is absent.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital"],"residual_gaps":["cn_ru_task_vector","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2024/12/adult-skills-in-literacy-and-numeracy-declining-or-stagnating-in-most-oecd-countries.html","https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/piaac-2nd-cycle-database.html"],"secondary":["https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/piaac/schedule.asp"],"note":"Data-release anchor; not an event of harm/displacement.","sequence":99,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["4.22"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_CEDEFOP_ESI_2024_RELEASE","title":"Cedefop publishes European Skills Index 2024 technical release","event_date":"2024-09-16","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU"],"type":["data_release","skills_system","composite_index"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["Cedefop","ESI","skills_matching","skills_activation","EU"],"summary":"Cedefop’s 2024 European Skills Index release measures skills-system performance across EU-27+4, using a distance-to-ideal composite approach.","why":"Useful macro-context for A6/A1, especially country-level skills activation/matching around mobility constraints.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications/9199","https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/esi_technical_report_2024.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/european-skills-index"],"note":"Country/system-level only; do not use as individual agency score.","sequence":100,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["4.21"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_METR_AI_SLOWS_EXPERIENCED_DEVELOPERS_RCT","title":"METR RCT finds early-2025 AI tools slowed experienced open-source developers on familiar tasks","event_date":"2025-07-10","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["Global"],"type":["data_release","RCT","AI_productivity"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["METR","AI_productivity","software_developers","RCT","Cursor"],"summary":"METR reported an RCT in which experienced developers expected AI to speed work by 24%, but measured task completion took 19% longer with AI on familiar codebases.","why":"Counter-signal to simple AI-productivity assumptions used in workforce-displacement narratives and option-value scoring.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://metr.org/blog/2025-07-10-early-2025-ai-experienced-os-dev-study/","https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.09089"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/business/ai-slows-down-some-experienced-software-developers-study-finds-2025-07-10/"],"note":"Task/context-specific; not a general anti-AI productivity result.","sequence":101,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.11"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_ANTHROPIC_ECONOMIC_INDEX_LAUNCH","title":"Anthropic launches Economic Index mapping Claude use to occupations and tasks","event_date":"2025-02-10","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["Global"],"type":["data_release","AI_exposure","labor_market"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["Anthropic_Economic_Index","O*NET","AI_usage","task_mapping"],"summary":"Anthropic launched the Economic Index to study AI’s effects on labor markets by mapping Claude interactions to occupational/task categories.","why":"Strong measurement signal for AI exposure/use; useful for stress-testing A1/A6 but not a worker outcome panel.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-economic-index","https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex"],"secondary":[],"note":"Platform-owned usage data; valuable but not representative of all labor-market activity.","sequence":102,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.13"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_ANTHROPIC_ECONOMIC_INDEX_LEARNING_CURVES","title":"Anthropic Economic Index March 2026 adds learning-curve analysis using Opus 4.5/4.6 period data","event_date":"2026-03-24","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["Global"],"type":["data_release","AI_usage","learning_curves"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["Anthropic_Economic_Index","learning_curves","AI_usage","Opus"],"summary":"Anthropic’s March 2026 Economic Index report studied February 2026 Claude usage and learning curves after Opus 4.5/4.6 releases.","why":"Useful time-series signal for adoption and skill adaptation; can support A1/A2 proxy updates.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.anthropic.com/research/economic-index-march-2026-report","https://www.anthropic.com/economic-index"],"secondary":["https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex"],"note":"Use as adoption/usage signal, not causal employment impact.","sequence":103,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.17"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_STANFORD_AI_INDEX_ECONOMY","title":"Stanford AI Index 2025 documents rapid growth in AI-related job-posting skill demand","event_date":"2025-04-07","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["data_release","labor_market","AI_skills"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["Stanford_AI_Index","Lightcast","AI_skills","job_postings"],"summary":"Stanford AI Index 2025 reported major growth in AI skills in job postings, including generative-AI skill references rising sharply in 2024.","why":"Demand-side signal for A1 skills capital and lateral mobility; also indicates changing re-entry credential expectations.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2025-ai-index-report","https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/hai_ai-index-report-2025_chapter4_final.pdf"],"secondary":["https://lightcast.io/resources/research/stanford-ai-index-2025"],"note":"Job postings are demand signals, not realized hires.","sequence":104,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.18"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_STANFORD_CANARIES_AI_ENTRY_LEVEL","title":"Stanford Digital Economy Lab paper finds relative employment declines for young workers in AI-exposed occupations","event_date":"2025-08-15","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["working_paper","labor_market","AI_exposure"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["Stanford_DEL","ADP","entry_level","AI_exposure","young_workers"],"summary":"Brynjolfsson, Chandar and Chen used high-frequency payroll data and found early-career workers in AI-exposed occupations experienced a relative employment decline after generative-AI adoption.","why":"High-signal empirical stress test for lateral/vertical entry and return: AI exposure may reduce entry-level opportunities while leaving older workers less affected.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return","D04_vertical_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification"],"primary":["https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/publication/canaries-in-the-coal-mine-six-facts-about-the-recent-employment-effects-of-artificial-intelligence/","https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/working-paper/canaries-coal-mine-six-facts-about-recent-employment-effects-artificial"],"secondary":["https://workshift.org/canaries-in-the-coal-mine/"],"note":"Working paper; strong data, still subject to ongoing academic debate.","sequence":105,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.20"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_BLS_PRELIMINARY_BENCHMARK_REVISION","title":"BLS preliminary benchmark revision shows 911,000 fewer payroll jobs through March 2025","event_date":"2025-09-09","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["govt_data","labor_market","benchmark_revision"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["BLS","CES","benchmark_revision","QCEW","labor_market"],"summary":"BLS preliminary benchmark data indicated total nonfarm payroll employment for March 2025 would be revised down by 911,000 jobs.","why":"Macro labor-market signal that affects all mobility liquidity estimates; do not over-attribute to AI without further evidence.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.bls.gov/news.release/prebmk.nr0.htm"],"secondary":["https://apnews.com/article/f4a29a2b948f7bce0d6558824ffe0fd5","https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/sep/09/us-created-fewer-jobs-march-2025"],"note":"Corrected from uploaded candidate’s -991,000 to verified -911,000.","sequence":106,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.21"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_FOUSHEE_AI_JOBS_REPORT","title":"Rep. Foushee releases congressional report seeking transparency on AI-related job cuts","event_date":"2025-12-11","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["govt_report","AI_jobs","labor_policy"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"A/C","tags":["AI_jobs","Congress","layoffs","transparency","workforce_impact"],"summary":"Rep. Valerie Foushee released a congressional report and investigation push requesting clarity from industry leaders about AI’s impact on American jobs.","why":"Policy/data-demand signal: legislators are treating AI-layoff attribution as an unresolved measurement gap.","dimensions":["D04_vertical_return","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://foushee.house.gov/media/press-releases/amid-historic-layoffs-surge-rep-foushee-releases-report-on-ais-impact-on-american-jobs-and-demands-clarity-from-industry-leaders","https://foushee.house.gov/imo/media/doc/foushee_ai_jobs_report_2025.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.axios.com/2025/12/11/democrat-ai-job-impact-data-companies"],"note":"The report’s job-cut attribution is political/compiled evidence; code as policy signal, not official labor statistics.","sequence":107,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.22"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_DELL_FIVE_DAY_RTO","title":"Dell retires hybrid policy and orders near-office staff back five days a week","event_date":"2025-01-31","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","Global"],"type":["corporate_policy","RTO","location_anchor"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["Dell","RTO","remote_work","geographic_exit","employment_form_exit"],"summary":"Dell CEO Michael Dell told hybrid and remote employees near an office to work onsite five days a week starting 3 March 2025, retiring the hybrid policy.","why":"RTO signal: reduces location flexibility and can push exit/return decisions around geography and employment form.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":["https://www.businessinsider.com/dell-return-to-office-five-days-week-rto-michael-dell-2025-1"],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/news/603963/dell-return-to-office-stellantis-jpmorgan","https://www.theregister.com/2025/01/31/dell_ends_hybrid_work_policy/"],"note":"Corporate-policy signal; worker-experience effects need separate data.","sequence":108,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.2","6.5"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_JPMORGAN_FIVE_DAY_RTO_BACKLASH","title":"JPMorgan five-day RTO mandate triggers employee petition and union inquiries","event_date":"2025-02-13","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["corporate_policy","RTO","worker_response"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["JPMorgan","RTO","petition","union_inquiries","location_anchor"],"summary":"Reuters reported Jamie Dimon defended JPMorgan’s five-day RTO policy amid employee complaints, petitions and union-formation inquiries.","why":"RTO/backlash signal: location anchoring interacts with exit capacity, employee voice and labor-market agency.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/jpmorgan-ceo-dimon-derides-in-office-work-pushback-demands-efficiency-2025-02-13/"],"secondary":["https://fortune.com/2025/01/17/jpmorgan-chase-union-jamie-dimon-wall-street-return-to-work-employees-anger/"],"note":"Use as organizational/employee-response signal, not direct attrition data.","sequence":109,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.4","6.25"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_ATT_FIVE_DAY_RTO","title":"AT&T begins five-day return-to-office mandate in January 2025","event_date":"2025-01-02","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["corporate_policy","RTO","location_anchor"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"C","tags":["AT&T","RTO","remote_work","office_hubs"],"summary":"AT&T required many employees to return to offices five days a week from January 2025, concentrating workers in core office hubs.","why":"Soft location-anchor signal for geographic exit and employment-form exit: RTO policies can trigger mobility decisions.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://tech.co/news/att-five-day-return-to-office"],"secondary":["https://www.businessinsider.com/att-begins-5-days-office-mandate-desks-parking-2025-1"],"note":"C-level evidence; company statement and worker-level attrition would improve confidence.","sequence":110,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.3"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_HONDA_US_80_PERCENT_RTO","title":"Honda US memo requires 80% onsite work from October 2025","event_date":"2025-04-23","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["corporate_policy","RTO","location_anchor"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["Honda","RTO","onsite","hybrid_work"],"summary":"Honda told US staff they would need to work onsite at least 80% of the week starting 6 October 2025.","why":"Adds non-tech RTO signal; useful for testing whether location-anchor pressure generalizes beyond software firms.","dimensions":["D01_geographic_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.businessinsider.com/honda-return-to-office-order-rto-us-staff-2025-4"],"secondary":["https://tech.co/news/honda-employees-return-to-office"],"note":"Memo-reported; not independent attrition/outcome data.","sequence":111,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.2_factchecked_addendum","candidate_refs":["6.6"],"factcheck_status":"verified","factchecked_at":"2026-05-03"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_AI_SELF_PREFERENCE_HIRING_PAPER","title":"Study: LLMs prefer resumes generated by themselves, 23-60% shortlist advantage","event_date":"2025-08-29","region":["US","global"],"type":["data_release","research_paper","algorithmic_hiring"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["self_preference","hiring","hr","applicant_scoring","ai_screening","fairness","research"],"summary":"Jiang et al. (arXiv:2509.00462) report that in controlled resume-screening experiments LLMs systematically favor resumes generated by the same model over human-written or rival-model resumes, even with content quality controlled. Simulations across 24 occupations show candidates using the same LLM as the evaluator are 23-60% more likely to be shortlisted; effect strongest in business-related fields like sales and accounting. Self-preference can be reduced >50% with self-recognition interventions.","why":"Empirical evidence that AI hiring tools introduce a new layer of selection bias keyed to AI-tooling overlap between applicant and employer, not to candidate quality. Concrete mechanism behind the article A claim that signal preservation is breaking down.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["I03_IRAS"],"primary":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00462","https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.00462"],"secondary":["https://www.theregister.com/2025/09/03/ai_hiring_biased/"],"note":"Pre-print (Aug 2025); peer-reviewed publication pending in M&SOM. 23-60% range from simulation, not field data. LLM-vs-LLM bias is weaker than LLM-vs-human bias.","sequence":1,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_UTAH_BOARD_AI_RX_SUSPENSION_CALL","title":"Utah Medical Licensing Board calls for immediate suspension of AI prescription-refill pilot","event_date":"2026-04-24","region":["US"],"type":["regulatory_action","healthcare","advisory"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["healthcare","clinical_workflow","prescription_refill","patient_safety","regulatory_action","advisory","professional_workflow"],"summary":"Utah's Medical Licensing Board called for immediate suspension of the state Doctronic AI prescription-renewal pilot, citing patient-safety, oversight, and decision-making concerns around AI-driven refill workflows.","why":"Concrete advisory/regulatory intervention against AI use in a daily licensed-professional healthcare workflow. Tests whether L4 trust-mediation institutions (medical licensing boards) push back when AI penetrates regulated decisions.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://www.statnews.com/2026/04/24/doctronic-ai-doctor-pilot-utah-face-backlash-medical-board/"],"secondary":["https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/04/28/medical-licensing-board-calls-to-suspend-program-using-ai-to-refill-prescriptions/"],"note":"Board called for suspension; not yet a formal enforcement action.","sequence":1,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_SENATE_GUARD_ACT_AI_CHATBOTS_MINORS","title":"U.S. Senate committee advances bipartisan GUARD Act restricting AI companions for minors","event_date":"2026-04-28","region":["US"],"type":["regulation","legislation","child_safety"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["regulatory_response","child_safety","ai_companions","chatbot_harm","advisory","legislation"],"summary":"Senate Judiciary Committee advanced the GUARD Act after documented reports of minors being targeted by AI companion chatbots, including sexually explicit and emotionally manipulative interactions. The bill would restrict AI companions for minors and require disclosure that chatbots are non-human.","why":"Federal-level institutional response to documented harmful AI chatbot interactions with minors. Tests how fast L4 trust-mediation institutions move on AI products that bypass professional gatekeepers.","dimensions":[],"agency":["A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://www.commerce.senate.gov/press/rep/release/cruz-schatz-curtis-schiff-introduce-new-bill-giving-parents-control-over-kids-ai-chatbot-use/"],"secondary":["https://www.ctinsider.com/connecticut/article/ct-blumenthal-chatbot-bill-ai-22234995.php"],"note":"Committee passage only; full Senate vote and House action pending. Bipartisan but not yet law.","sequence":1,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_MERCOR_AI_RECRUITING_BREACH_LAWSUITS","title":"Mercor AI recruiting platform faces ≥7 class actions after breach exposes biometrics and worker data","event_date":"2026-04-23","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","data_breach","algorithmic_hiring","privacy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["hr","recruiting","privacy","data_breach","biometrics","supply_chain","ai_supply_chain"],"summary":"WSJ reported on April 23, 2026 that Mercor, a $10B-valued AI recruiting and model-training contractor platform, was facing at least seven class actions after a breach exposed contractor interview recordings, facial biometric data, screenshots of workers' computers, and other records. Earlier reporting linked the incident to a LiteLLM open-source supply-chain compromise; Meta paused work with the company.","why":"Concrete AI-workflow incident in HR/recruiting lane with clear privacy harm + AI-tool supply-chain angle. Tests how new categories of AI infrastructure (model-training contractor platforms, MCP/LLM tooling) extend the attack surface for worker data.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/mercor-ai-startup-personal-data-lawsuit-0b5c349b"],"secondary":["https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/09/after-data-breach-10b-valued-startup-mercor-is-having-a-month/","https://techcrunch.com/2026/03/31/mercor-says-it-was-hit-by-cyberattack-tied-to-compromise-of-open-source-litellm-project/"],"note":"Allegations unresolved; supply-chain attribution to LiteLLM is per Mercor self-disclosure.","sequence":1,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_RESUMEBUILDER_AI_HIRING_70PCT","title":"ResumeBuilder survey: 51% of companies use AI in hiring, projected 70% by end-2025","event_date":"2024-10-31","region":["US"],"type":["data_release","industry_survey"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["hiring","hr","ai_screening","industry_survey","ats","imitation_loop"],"summary":"Industry survey of 948 US business leaders found 51% of companies were using AI in hiring (Oct 2024), with 68-70% projected by end-2025. 82% used AI to screen resumes, 64% for assessments, 23% for interviews. 21% allow AI to auto-reject candidates at all stages without human review.","why":"Establishes the employer-side scale of the imitation loop: AI is used not as marginal aid but as primary filter for the majority of structured hiring funnels. Necessary baseline for any pushback narrative.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://www.resumebuilder.com/7-in-10-companies-will-use-ai-in-the-hiring-process-in-2025-despite-most-saying-its-biased/"],"secondary":["https://www.fastcompany.com/91220282/70-of-companies-will-use-ai-for-hiring-in-2025-says-new-study"],"note":"Industry self-report via Pollfish; sample 948 leaders at companies >21 employees. Selection bias toward AI-aware respondents likely.","sequence":1,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_RESUME_NOW_AI_APPLICANT_LOOP_REPORT","title":"55% of hiring managers report candidates use AI most for resumes; 90% see spike in spam applications","event_date":"2025-03-28","region":["US"],"type":["data_release","industry_survey"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["hiring","hr","ai_resume_drafting","spam_applications","candidate_side","industry_survey","imitation_loop"],"summary":"Resume Now survey of 925 US HR workers: 55% report candidates use AI most for resumes/cover letters; 57% noticed uptick in AI-assisted submissions; 90% report increase in low-effort/spam applications driven by AI; 79% believe companies should implement formal guidelines on AI-assisted job applications.","why":"Direct empirical signal that the candidate side of the imitation loop is closing simultaneously with the employer side. Explicit recognition that volume scales without quality scaling — the structural setup of provenance collapse.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://www.resume-now.com/job-resources/careers/ai-applicant-report"],"secondary":["https://time.com/article/ai-recruitment-time-2025"],"note":"Industry survey; HR self-report; sample frame favors AI-aware HR. The 90% spam-rise figure is a perception measure, not a parsed application count.","sequence":1,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_RESUME_NOW_PERSONALIZATION_REJECTION_62","title":"62% of hiring managers reject generic AI-generated resumes without personalization","event_date":"2025-04-15","region":["US"],"type":["data_release","industry_survey","pushback_indicator"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["hiring","hr","ai_resume_rejection","personalization","pushback","imitation_loop","provenance"],"summary":"Resume Now report (2025): 78% of hiring managers say personalized details signal genuine interest and fit. 62% say AI-generated resumes without personalization often lead to rejection. 79% believe companies should implement formal guidelines on AI-assisted job applications.","why":"Empirical evidence of provenance-collapse pushback: when both sides of the hiring funnel use AI, employers compensate by screening for human authorship marks. Mirror of the school dynamic — when homework can no longer signal effort, oral exams and in-class essays return.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://www.resume-now.com/job-resources/careers/ai-applicant-report"],"secondary":[],"note":"Industry survey self-report. Whether managers actually reject AI-only resumes at the rates they claim is not separately validated. The 'personalization' criterion is itself unstable — generative tools can also produce personalized output.","sequence":1,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_CALIFORNIA_PHONE_FREE_SCHOOLS_ACT","title":"California Phone-Free Schools Act requires districts to limit smartphones in schools","event_date":"2024-09-23","region":["US"],"type":["regulation","education_policy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","school","phone_ban","ai_cheating","provenance","state_law","imitation_loop_pushback"],"summary":"Governor Newsom signed AB 3216 (Phone-Free Schools Act) requiring every California school district, charter school, and county office of education to develop a policy limiting or prohibiting smartphone use during school hours by July 2026.","why":"Educational analog of the hiring-side imitation loop pushback: when AI use makes traditional homework signal collapse, institutions move to physically restrict the AI surface area during assessment. Direct school parallel to the resume-personalization rejection trend.","dimensions":[],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB3216","https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/09/23/governor-newsom-signs-the-phone-free-school-act/"],"secondary":["https://www.kff.org/affordable-care-act/a-look-at-state-efforts-to-ban-cellphones-in-schools-and-implications-for-youth-mental-health/"],"note":"Bill cites mental-health concerns as primary rationale; AI/cheating concerns secondary in legal text but central in implementation discourse.","sequence":1,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_NY_BELL_TO_BELL_PHONE_BAN","title":"New York becomes largest US state to enact statewide bell-to-bell smartphone ban in K-12","event_date":"2025-05-09","region":["US"],"type":["regulation","education_policy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","school","phone_ban","ai_cheating","provenance","state_law","bell_to_bell","imitation_loop_pushback"],"summary":"Governor Hochul secured statewide bell-to-bell smartphone restrictions in NY K-12 as part of FY2026 budget. No unsanctioned use of phones or internet-enabled personal devices on school grounds for the entire school day. $13.5M for storage solutions. Effective 2025-26 school year.","why":"Largest-state-by-population (~19M residents) commitment to bell-to-bell offline assessment environment. Direct institutional response to provenance collapse in education — parallel to in-person interview returns in hiring.","dimensions":[],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/distraction-free-schools-governor-hochul-announces-new-york-become-largest-state-nation"],"secondary":["https://www.edweek.org/technology/most-students-now-face-cellphone-limits-at-school-what-happens-next/2025/07"],"note":"Bell-to-bell means no use during class, lunch, or passing periods. Local districts decide storage method.","sequence":1,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_US_STATES_PHONE_BANS_28_STATES","title":"28+ US states enact K-12 cellphone bans/restrictions in 2025","event_date":"2025-12-01","region":["US"],"type":["regulation_pattern","data_release","education_policy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","school","phone_ban","ai_cheating","provenance","state_law_pattern","imitation_loop_pushback"],"summary":"By December 2025, 35 states + DC had enacted laws or policies regulating student cellphone use in K-12 classrooms (Ballotpedia). 22 of these laws were enacted during 2025 alone (ExcelinEd). Texas, Arizona, Arkansas, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, Iowa, Indiana, Idaho, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin among them.","why":"Aggregate signal: phone bans went from a handful of states (early 2024) to a national policy default in 18 months. Empirical demonstration of how fast institutional restoration of offline-assessment can scale when AI use compromises the existing signal channel.","dimensions":[],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://ballotpedia.org/State_policies_on_cellphone_use_in_K-12_public_schools","https://excelinedinaction.org/2026/01/21/top-2025-policy-trend-28-states-commit-to-phone-free-classrooms-and-schools/"],"secondary":["https://www.campussafetymagazine.com/insights/which-states-have-banned-cell-phones-in-schools/161286/","https://www.edweek.org/technology/most-students-now-face-cellphone-limits-at-school-what-happens-next/2025/07"],"note":"Different states use different definitions (bell-to-bell vs class-time-only vs district-discretion). Trend direction unambiguous; exact count varies by source taxonomy.","sequence":1,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_BLUE_BOOK_REVIVAL_UNIVERSITIES","title":"Universities revive blue-book in-person handwritten exams as ChatGPT pushback","event_date":"2025-05-29","region":["US"],"type":["data_release","education_pattern","industry_report"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","university","blue_book","in_person_exam","ai_cheating","chatgpt","provenance","imitation_loop_pushback"],"summary":"Wall Street Journal and Entrepreneur reported (May 2025) blue-book exam booklet sales rising sharply at major US universities: +30% at Texas A&M, +50% at University of Florida, +80% at UC Berkeley over the prior two years. Roaring Spring Paper Products (manufacturer) confirms AI-driven demand. Yale, Princeton, UW-Madison, Merrimack faculty publicly switched from take-home essays to in-class blue-book assessments to neutralize ChatGPT use.","why":"Higher-education analog of the resume-personalization rejection: when assignments can no longer prove individual cognition, institutions revert to physically supervised, AI-impossible formats. Direct visualization of the school-side imitation-loop pushback.","dimensions":[],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation"],"residual_gaps":[],"primary":["https://www.wsj.com/lifestyle/college-blue-books-handwritten-exams-chatgpt-comeback-d1f47ce6"],"secondary":["https://www.entrepreneur.com/business-news/college-professors-turn-back-to-blue-books-to-combat-chatgpt/492450","https://www.dailycardinal.com/article/2025/11/blue-books-are-back-the-revival-of-pen-and-paper-exams"],"note":"Industry sales data from Roaring Spring; not all universities surveyed. Trend is real but counter-current persists — some faculty argue blue books cannot substitute for take-home research papers.","sequence":1,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"signal_schema_v0.1"}
{"id":"SIG_2020_ILLINOIS_AI_VIDEO_INTERVIEW_ACT_EFFECTIVE","title":"Illinois AI Video Interview Act takes effect, requiring notice and consent for AI video-interview evaluation","event_date":"2020-01-01","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulation","algorithmic_hiring","privacy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["hiring","hr","ai_interview","notice","consent","candidate_rights","state_law","algorithmic_hiring"],"summary":"Illinois' Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act became effective, requiring employers using AI analysis of video interviews to notify applicants, explain the AI evaluation, and obtain consent before evaluation.","why":"Early US state-level legal signal that AI-mediated hiring changes the candidate's agency environment: applicants need disclosure and consent before algorithmic evaluation.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=4015&ChapterID=68&Print=True"],"secondary":["https://ogletree.com/insights-resources/blog-posts/the-artificial-intelligence-video-interview-act-privacy-implications-of-illinoiss-ai-statute/"],"note":"Do not confuse with Illinois HB3773 / IHRA AI employment amendments effective 2026, already separately tracked.","sequence":112,"event_year":2020,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2020_HM_EMPLOYEE_MONITORING_GDPR_FINE","title":"Hamburg DPA fines H&M €35.3M for extensive employee monitoring and private-life data collection","event_date":"2020-10-02","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["EU","DE"],"type":["regulatory_enforcement","worker_surveillance","privacy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["employee_monitoring","workplace_privacy","gdpr","hr_data","surveillance","worker_rights"],"summary":"Hamburg's data protection authority imposed a €35.3M fine on H&M for data-protection violations involving monitoring of several hundred employees at a service center, including extensive notes about employees' private lives.","why":"Strong personnel-data signal: HR information systems can become high-friction surveillance infrastructure that affects worker agency, exit safety, and trust in employer-side data practices.","dimensions":["D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/national-news/2020/hamburg-commissioner-fines-hm-353-million-euro-data-protection-violations_en"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/germany-fines-hm-35-mln-euros-data-protection-breaches-2020-10-01/"],"note":"Non-AI but high-value baseline for workforce data governance and employee-surveillance harms.","sequence":113,"event_year":2020,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2021_HIREVUE_DROPS_FACIAL_ANALYSIS","title":"HireVue drops facial-expression analysis from AI video-interview assessments after criticism","event_date":"2021-01-12","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","global"],"type":["corporate_policy","algorithmic_hiring","facial_analysis"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["hiring","hr","facial_analysis","video_interview","applicant_scoring","biometrics","algorithmic_hiring"],"summary":"HireVue said it was removing facial-expression analysis from its video-interview screening software, while continuing other AI-based assessment features such as language and speech analysis.","why":"Clean кадровый signal for model rollback: a high-profile hiring vendor removed a controversial biometric proxy, showing that applicant-scoring features can be socially and legally contested even before final liability is resolved.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.wired.com/story/job-screening-service-halts-facial-analysis-applicants/"],"secondary":["https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/news/talent-acquisition/hirevue-discontinues-facial-analysis-screening"],"note":"Vendor rollback, not court finding. Keep as B-level event, not proof of illegal discrimination.","sequence":114,"event_year":2021,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_EEOC_TITLEVII_AI_ADVERSE_IMPACT_GUIDANCE","title":"EEOC technical assistance warns employers that AI selection tools can create Title VII adverse-impact liability","event_date":"2023-05-18","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_guidance","algorithmic_hiring","employment_law"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["hiring","hr","eeoc","title_vii","adverse_impact","vendor_liability","algorithmic_hiring"],"summary":"EEOC released technical assistance on software, algorithms, and AI used in employment selection procedures, emphasizing that employers can be responsible for discriminatory outcomes even when tools are designed or administered by vendors.","why":"Adds a key legal-operational layer to candidate agency: employer responsibility does not disappear when applicant scoring is outsourced to AI vendors.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://data.aclum.org/storage/2025/01/EOCC_www_eeoc_gov_laws_guidance_select-issues-assessing-adverse-impact-software-algorithms-and-artificial.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.lawandtheworkplace.com/2023/05/eeoc-releases-technical-document-on-ai-and-title-vii/"],"note":"Complements the existing EEOC/DOJ ADA AI guidance signal.","sequence":115,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_HARPER_SIRIUSXM_AI_HIRING_LAWSUIT","title":"Harper v. SiriusXM filed as employer-side AI hiring-bias lawsuit involving commercial applicant-screening tools","event_date":"2025-08-04","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_case","algorithmic_hiring","employment_discrimination"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["hiring","hr","applicant_tracking","ai_screening","race_discrimination","title_vii","icims","employer_liability"],"summary":"An unsuccessful applicant filed Harper v. SiriusXM in the Eastern District of Michigan, alleging that SiriusXM's use of an AI-assisted applicant-tracking or screening tool discriminated against him based on race.","why":"Useful counterpart to Mobley v. Workday: shifts the testing surface from vendor-only liability toward employer liability for deployed commercial AI hiring systems.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/59389810/Harper_v_Sirius_XM_Radio%2C_LLC"],"secondary":["https://www.fisherphillips.com/en/insights/insights/another-employer-faces-ai-hiring-bias-lawsuit","https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/stepping-into-ai-void-employment-why-state-ai-rules-now-matter-more-than-federal--pracin-2025-10-24/"],"note":"Early-stage litigation. Allegations are unproven; keep confidence medium.","sequence":116,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_VIRGINIA_HIGH_RISK_AI_BILL_VETO","title":"Virginia governor vetoes high-risk AI bill that would have covered employment consequential decisions","event_date":"2025-03-24","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulation","policy_failure","algorithmic_hiring"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["employment_ai","state_law","veto","high_risk_ai","consequential_decisions","algorithmic_discrimination"],"summary":"Virginia's governor vetoed HB2094, a high-risk AI bill that had passed the legislature and would have required safeguards for AI systems used in consequential decisions including employment.","why":"Negative policy signal: state-level employment-AI safeguards can fail politically even after legislative passage, affecting the institutional-constraints layer for applicant agency.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2025/03/veto-of-virginia-ai-bill-raises-questions"],"secondary":["https://www.csis.org/analysis/after-virginia-ai-bill-was-vetoed-whats-next-state-level-ai-legislation"],"note":"Policy-failure event; useful for regulation-diffusion analysis.","sequence":117,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_TEXAS_TRAIGA_SIGNED","title":"Texas signs Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act, creating broad state AI compliance obligations","event_date":"2025-06-22","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["regulation","ai_governance","employment_ai"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["state_law","ai_governance","employment_ai","civil_penalties","algorithmic_discrimination","texas"],"summary":"Texas enacted the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA), effective January 1, 2026, creating broad state-level rules for AI systems and prohibited uses, with implications for employers using AI in workplace decisions.","why":"Adds a large-state regulatory anchor for HR AI risk: not a narrow hiring statute, but part of the state-by-state institutional constraint environment around AI deployment.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D09_employment_form_exit","D10_employment_form_return"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/html/HB00149F.htm"],"secondary":["https://www.bakerbotts.com/thought-leadership/publications/2025/july/texas-enacts-responsible-ai-governance-act-what-companies-need-to-know","https://www.berkshireassociates.com/blog/texas-enacts-new-law-for-employers-using-artificial-intelligence"],"note":"Do not overstate employment-specificity; TRAIGA is broader than employment.","sequence":118,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_US_ED_AI_TEACHING_LEARNING_REPORT","title":"US Department of Education releases AI and Future of Teaching and Learning report","event_date":"2023-05-01","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_guidance","education_policy","ai_literacy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","ai_literacy","teaching","learning","edtech","human_in_loop","credentialing"],"summary":"The U.S. Department of Education published a May 2023 report on AI and the future of teaching and learning, recommending human-centered, transparent, equitable approaches to AI in education.","why":"Education-policy anchor for A1/A2: institutions began moving from ad hoc ChatGPT responses toward formal AI-literacy and governance frameworks.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/documents/ai-report/ai-report.pdf"],"secondary":["https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED631097"],"note":"Month-level date; report is dated May 2023.","sequence":119,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_UNESCO_GENAI_EDUCATION_GUIDANCE","title":"UNESCO publishes first global guidance on generative AI in education and research","event_date":"2023-09-07","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["policy_guidance","education_policy","ai_literacy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","unesco","genai","research","policy_guidance","ai_literacy","credentialing"],"summary":"UNESCO published global guidance on generative AI in education and research, aimed at helping countries develop immediate actions, long-term policies and human capacity for a human-centered approach.","why":"Global policy anchor for education-mediated career agency: AI literacy and assessment integrity become part of the credential-portability and skills-capital environment.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research"],"secondary":["https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark%3A/48223/pf0000386693/pdf/386693eng.pdf.multi"],"note":"Use as guidance/policy source, not as measured outcomes.","sequence":120,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_TURNITIN_AI_WRITING_DETECTOR_LAUNCH","title":"Turnitin launches AI-writing detector for education integrity workflows","event_date":"2023-04-04","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","global"],"type":["education_technology","provenance","academic_integrity"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","turnitin","ai_detector","academic_integrity","student_assessment","provenance"],"summary":"Turnitin activated its AI-writing detection capability for educators amid rapid adoption of ChatGPT and institutional concern about AI-assisted academic work.","why":"High-signal education provenance event: schools began operationalizing AI-origin detection as part of assessment and credential integrity, even before detector reliability was settled.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.vanderbilt.edu/brightspace/2023/04/04/turnitins-new-ai-writing-detection-and-what-it-means-for-your-teaching/"],"secondary":["https://marketbrief.edweek.org/product-development/turnitin-latest-company-to-debut-ai-writing-detection-tool/2023/04"],"note":"Pair with Vanderbilt disablement and GPT-detector bias signals; do not treat detector outputs as ground truth.","sequence":121,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_GPT_DETECTORS_NON_NATIVE_BIAS","title":"Patterns paper finds GPT detectors misclassify non-native English writing as AI-generated","event_date":"2023-07-10","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["research_publication","education","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","ai_detector","false_positive","non_native_english","bias","academic_integrity","provenance"],"summary":"Liang et al. published a peer-reviewed Patterns article showing that GPT detectors frequently misclassify non-native English writing as AI-generated.","why":"Critical assessment-integrity signal: provenance tools can directly harm credential agency if false positives fall unevenly on non-native writers and international students.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666389923001307"],"secondary":["https://hai.stanford.edu/news/ai-detectors-biased-against-non-native-english-writers"],"note":"Strong A-level research signal; use as caution against naive AI-detector-based credential decisions.","sequence":122,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_OPENAI_AI_CLASSIFIER_RETIRED","title":"OpenAI retires AI Text Classifier due to low accuracy","event_date":"2023-07-20","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["product_shutdown","provenance","education"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","ai_detector","provenance","false_positive","text_classifier","academic_integrity"],"summary":"OpenAI updated its AI Text Classifier post to state that, as of July 20, 2023, the classifier was no longer available due to a low rate of accuracy.","why":"Clean provenance failure signal: even the model provider withdrew a text-origin detector, reinforcing that education/workforce systems should not rely on detector output as a hard gate.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://openai.com/index/new-ai-classifier-for-indicating-ai-written-text/"],"secondary":["https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/openai-discontinues-its-ai-writing-detector-due-to-low-rate-of-accuracy/"],"note":"Retirement date from OpenAI note; launch date was Jan. 31, 2023.","sequence":123,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_VANDERBILT_DISABLES_TURNITIN_AI_DETECTOR","title":"Vanderbilt disables Turnitin AI detector over transparency and false-positive concerns","event_date":"2023-08-16","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["education_policy","academic_integrity","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","turnitin","ai_detector","false_positive","academic_integrity","student_rights","provenance"],"summary":"Vanderbilt announced that it was disabling Turnitin's AI detection tool, citing concerns about transparency, lack of disable options at launch, and false-positive risk.","why":"Institutional rollback signal: universities are not merely adopting AI detection; some are rejecting it as too risky for student agency and credential integrity.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.vanderbilt.edu/brightspace/2023/08/16/guidance-on-ai-detection-and-why-were-disabling-turnitins-ai-detector/"],"secondary":["https://www.wired.com/story/chatgpt-schools-plagiarism-lesson-plans"],"note":"Useful as a named institutional decision, not a universal higher-education pattern.","sequence":124,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_ASU_OPENAI_HIGHER_ED_PARTNERSHIP","title":"Arizona State University becomes first higher-education institution to collaborate with OpenAI on ChatGPT Enterprise","event_date":"2024-01-18","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["education_technology","corporate_partnership","ai_literacy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["education","higher_ed","openai","chatgpt_enterprise","ai_literacy","institutional_adoption"],"summary":"Arizona State University announced a collaboration with OpenAI giving the ASU community access to ChatGPT Enterprise for teaching, learning and discovery, described by ASU as the first higher-education collaboration of its kind.","why":"Positive adoption counterweight to ban/detector signals: AI becomes an institutionally sanctioned skill layer rather than only a cheating/provenance problem.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A5_credential_portability"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://newsroom.asu.edu/press-releases/arizona-state-university-collaboration-openai-charts-future-ai-higher-education"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-arizona-state-university-partner-expand-ai-academia-2024-01-18/"],"note":"Corporate partnership; use as adoption signal, not outcome evaluation.","sequence":125,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_LAUSD_ED_CHATBOT_ALLHERE_FAILURE","title":"LAUSD's Ed chatbot becomes major education-AI procurement failure after AllHere collapse","event_date":"2024-06-15","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["education_technology","procurement_failure","ai_chatbot"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","edtech","chatbot","procurement","lausd","allhere","student_support","governance_failure"],"summary":"LAUSD's AI chatbot project with AllHere, marketed as 'Ed', was effectively derailed after AllHere leadership turmoil, furloughs and later fraud charges against the founder; reports describe the district losing millions and shutting down the chatbot soon after launch.","why":"High-value education signal: institutional AI adoption can create career/education agency risks through procurement failure, vendor fragility and student-data governance gaps.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://apnews.com/article/913f681c77ddce75bf55c02112187c03"],"secondary":["https://www.thetambellinigroup.com/a-cautionary-tale-for-higher-education-leaders-lessons-from-the-allhere-fraud-case/","https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/793/"],"note":"Event date approximates mid-2024 collapse/CEO removal; founder arrest occurred in Nov. 2024. Keep as medium_high because some project-timeline details are reconstructed from reporting.","sequence":126,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_OSU_AI_FLUENCY_REQUIREMENT","title":"Ohio State launches AI Fluency initiative requiring undergraduates to graduate AI-fluent","event_date":"2025-06-05","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["education_policy","ai_literacy","credentialing"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["education","higher_ed","ai_fluency","curriculum","workforce_readiness","credentialing"],"summary":"Ohio State announced an AI Fluency initiative launching in autumn 2025 for first-year students, aiming for every graduate starting with the class of 2029 to be fluent in AI and its application in their field.","why":"Strong education-to-labor-market signal: AI literacy is becoming a formal component of general employability and credential value, not just a specialist skill.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A2_career_identity","A5_credential_portability"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://engineering.osu.edu/news/2025/06/ohio-state-launches-bold-ai-fluency-initiative-redefine-learning-and-innovation"],"secondary":["https://oaa.osu.edu/ai-fluency","https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/09/ohio-university-ai-training"],"note":"Outcome evidence not yet available; classify as policy/curriculum signal.","sequence":127,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2022_C2PA_V1_CONTENT_PROVENANCE_STANDARD","title":"C2PA releases version 1.0 technical specification for content provenance","event_date":"2022-01-26","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["technical_standard","provenance","content_authenticity"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["provenance","c2pa","content_credentials","metadata","authenticity","watermarking","standard"],"summary":"The Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity released version 1.0 of its technical specification for digital provenance, enabling tamper-evident metadata about content origin and edits.","why":"Foundational provenance standard for testing signal preservation: it defines infrastructure for verifying whether content is human-created, AI-generated, or modified.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://c2pa.org/c2pa-releases-specification-of-worlds-first-industry-standard-for-content-provenance/"],"secondary":["https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2022/01/26/cp2a-1spec-adobeblogv1"],"note":"Technical standard, not an adoption event. Pair with platform adoption events.","sequence":128,"event_year":2022,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_WHITE_HOUSE_AI_VOLUNTARY_WATERMARKING_COMMITMENTS","title":"White House voluntary AI commitments include watermarking and AI-generated-content labeling","event_date":"2023-07-21","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","global"],"type":["policy_commitment","provenance","ai_governance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["provenance","watermarking","ai_commitments","content_labeling","ai_safety","platform_governance"],"summary":"Seven leading AI companies made voluntary White House commitments that included developing mechanisms such as watermarking to help users identify AI-generated content.","why":"Policy anchor for provenance: platform commitments began to translate content authenticity into a mainstream AI-governance requirement.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Ensuring-Safe-Secure-and-Trustworthy-AI.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.ansi.org/standards-news/all-news/7-21-23-leading-ai-companies-sign-us-government-commitment"],"note":"Voluntary commitments, not binding law.","sequence":129,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_GETTY_STABILITY_AI_UK_LAWSUIT","title":"Getty Images sues Stability AI in UK over Stable Diffusion training and outputs","event_date":"2023-01-16","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["UK","global"],"type":["legal_case","copyright","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["copyright","training_data","image_generation","getty","stability_ai","provenance","content_authenticity"],"summary":"Getty Images issued UK proceedings against Stability AI over Stable Diffusion, including claims related to web scraping, training data, outputs, database rights, trademarks and passing off.","why":"Important provenance/IP signal for creative professionals: training-data origin and output attribution can determine whether prior creative signals retain value in an AI-mediated market.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.lw.com/en/insights/getty-images-v-stability-ai-english-high-court-rejects-secondary-copyright-claim"],"secondary":["https://newsroom.gettyimages.com/en/getty-images/getty-images-issues-statement-on-ruling-in-stability-ai-uk-litigation"],"note":"Use 2023 filing as event; later 2025 UK ruling should be a separate follow-up if needed.","sequence":130,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_AUTHORS_GUILD_OPENAI_LAWSUIT","title":"Authors Guild and prominent authors file class action against OpenAI over book training data","event_date":"2023-09-20","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","global"],"type":["legal_case","copyright","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["copyright","authors","training_data","openai","books","creative_labor","provenance"],"summary":"The Authors Guild and 17 authors filed a class-action lawsuit against OpenAI alleging copyright infringement from use of their fiction works to train GPT models.","why":"Adds a professional-signal preservation case for writers: authorship, corpus provenance, and training-data consent become part of career-capital protection.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://authorsguild.org/news/ag-and-authors-file-class-action-suit-against-openai/"],"secondary":["https://apnews.com/article/37f9073ab67ab25b7e6b2975b2a63bfe"],"note":"Allegations unresolved; classify as litigation signal.","sequence":131,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_YOUTUBE_SYNTHETIC_CONTENT_DISCLOSURE_TOOL","title":"YouTube requires creators to disclose realistic altered or synthetic content, including generative AI","event_date":"2024-03-18","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["platform_policy","provenance","content_labeling"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["youtube","synthetic_media","ai_label","creator_disclosure","provenance","deepfake","platform_policy"],"summary":"YouTube introduced a Creator Studio tool requiring creators to disclose when realistic content that could be mistaken for a real person, place, scene or event was made with altered or synthetic media, including generative AI.","why":"Platform-level provenance event: creators' career signals and audience trust increasingly depend on disclosure workflows, not just content quality.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://blog.youtube/news-and-events/disclosing-ai-generated-content/"],"secondary":["https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/18/youtube-requires-creatorsdisclose-realistic-content-made-ai/"],"note":"Disclosure only for realistic altered/synthetic content; not blanket AI disclosure.","sequence":132,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_META_AI_CONTENT_LABELING_POLICY","title":"Meta shifts from removing narrow manipulated media to labeling broader AI-generated content","event_date":"2024-04-05","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["platform_policy","provenance","content_labeling"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["meta","ai_label","made_with_ai","content_authenticity","provenance","platform_policy","elections"],"summary":"Meta announced that it would start labeling organic AI-generated content in May 2024 and stop removing content solely under its manipulated-video policy in July, moving toward labeling and context.","why":"Provenance governance signal: platforms are operationalizing AI disclosure through labels, but those labels can also affect creator reputation and signal preservation.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://about.fb.com/news/2024/04/metas-approach-to-labeling-ai-generated-content-and-manipulated-media/"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/meta-overhauls-rules-deepfakes-other-altered-media-2024-04-05/"],"note":"Pair with July 2024 label adjustment if tracking false-positive effects.","sequence":133,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_TIKTOK_C2PA_AUTO_LABELING","title":"TikTok begins automatically labeling AI-generated content with C2PA Content Credentials from other platforms","event_date":"2024-05-09","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["platform_policy","provenance","content_labeling"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["tiktok","c2pa","content_credentials","ai_label","provenance","creator_economy","platform_policy"],"summary":"TikTok announced it would start automatically labeling AI-generated content uploaded from certain other platforms by using C2PA Content Credentials, describing itself as the first video-sharing platform to implement the technology this way.","why":"Important provenance adoption signal for creator labor: standardized metadata starts to cross platform boundaries, shaping how AI-made work is identified and valued.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/partnering-with-our-industry-to-advance-ai-transparency-and-literacy"],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/2024/5/9/24152667/tiktok-ai-generated-label-content-credentials-cai-c2pa"],"note":"Platform adoption event; coverage depends on upstream tools embedding credentials.","sequence":134,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SYNTHID_TEXT_VIDEO_WATERMARKING","title":"Google DeepMind extends SynthID watermarking to AI-generated text and video","event_date":"2024-05-14","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["technical_release","provenance","watermarking"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["synthid","watermarking","text","video","provenance","google_deepmind","content_authenticity"],"summary":"Google DeepMind announced watermarking methods for AI-generated text and video and described bringing SynthID to key Google products.","why":"Technical provenance signal: watermarking moves beyond images into text/video, directly relevant to education, hiring portfolios, and creator-market authenticity.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://deepmind.google/blog/watermarking-ai-generated-text-and-video-with-synthid/"],"secondary":["https://deepmind.google/models/synthid/"],"note":"Technical release; real-world reliability and adversarial robustness should be tracked separately.","sequence":135,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SCARLETT_JOHANSSON_OPENAI_SKY_VOICE","title":"Scarlett Johansson accuses OpenAI's Sky voice of sounding eerily similar; OpenAI pauses the voice","event_date":"2024-05-20","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","global"],"type":["likeness_rights","provenance","voice_ai"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["voice","likeness","openai","sky","digital_replica","celebrity","provenance","creative_labor"],"summary":"Scarlett Johansson said OpenAI's Sky voice sounded eerily similar to hers after she had declined an invitation to voice the system; OpenAI paused use of Sky and denied intentional imitation.","why":"High-signal likeness/provenance event: professional identity itself becomes reproducible, making signal ownership and consent central to creative-labor agency.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/scarlett-johansson-says-openai-chatbot-voice-eerily-similar-hers-2024-05-21/"],"secondary":["https://apnews.com/article/532c849ccae3ca9e9325dacfe88e0436"],"note":"Contested allegation; note OpenAI denial and voice pause.","sequence":136,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_SUNO_UDIO_RECORD_LABEL_LAWSUITS","title":"Major record labels sue Suno and Udio over AI music training data","event_date":"2024-06-24","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US","global"],"type":["legal_case","copyright","music_ai"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["music","copyright","training_data","suno","udio","riaa","creative_labor","provenance"],"summary":"Major record labels including Sony, Universal and Warner sued Suno and Udio, alleging mass copyright infringement through use of sound recordings to train AI music-generation systems.","why":"Strong creative-labor signal: AI provenance disputes expand from text/images into sound recordings, affecting music-industry re-entry and signal preservation for artists.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/music-labels-sue-ai-companies-suno-udio-us-copyright-infringement-2024-06-24/"],"secondary":["https://www.riaa.com/record-companies-bring-landmark-cases-for-responsible-ai-againstsuno-and-udio-in-boston-and-new-york-federal-courts-respectively/"],"note":"Litigation signal; allegations remain contested.","sequence":137,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_USCO_DIGITAL_REPLICAS_REPORT","title":"US Copyright Office releases AI report Part 1 on digital replicas and recommends federal protection","event_date":"2024-07-31","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_report","copyright","likeness_rights","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["copyright","digital_replicas","likeness","voice","policy_report","provenance","creative_labor"],"summary":"The U.S. Copyright Office released Part 1 of its Copyright and Artificial Intelligence report on digital replicas, addressing voice/visual likeness harms and recommending federal digital-replica legislation.","why":"Policy anchor for provenance and career signal preservation: voice/likeness become explicit protected career assets rather than merely personal traits.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.copyright.gov/newsnet/2024/1048.html"],"secondary":["https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-Artificial-Intelligence-Part-1-Digital-Replicas-Report.pdf"],"note":"Use published date July 31, 2024 from Copyright Office NewsNet.","sequence":138,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_NO_FAKES_ACT_INTRODUCED","title":"NO FAKES Act introduced to create federal voice and likeness protections against AI replicas","event_date":"2024-09-12","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legislation","likeness_rights","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["no_fakes_act","voice","likeness","digital_replica","creative_labor","provenance","right_of_publicity"],"summary":"The NO FAKES Act was introduced to protect individuals' voice and visual likeness from unauthorized computer-generated recreations using generative AI and related technologies.","why":"Legislative signal that signal preservation extends beyond copyright into identity rights, especially for actors, musicians, creators and public-facing professionals.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://salazar.house.gov/media/press-releases/salazar-introduces-no-fakes-act"],"secondary":["https://www.coons.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/media/doc/no_fakes_act_one-pager.pdf"],"note":"Use as introduced-bill signal, not enacted law.","sequence":139,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_ADOBE_CONTENT_AUTHENTICITY_WEB_APP","title":"Adobe announces Content Authenticity web app and Chrome extension for Content Credentials","event_date":"2024-10-08","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["global"],"type":["product_announcement","provenance","content_credentials"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["adobe","content_credentials","c2pa","creator_tools","provenance","chrome_extension","content_authenticity"],"summary":"Adobe announced Adobe Content Authenticity, including a Chrome extension available immediately and a free public beta web app planned for Q1 2025 to help creators attach and inspect Content Credentials.","why":"Creator-infrastructure signal: provenance becomes something individual professionals can attach to portfolios and work products, not only a platform-side label.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A4_network_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://news.adobe.com/news/2024/10/aca-announcement"],"secondary":["https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2024/10/08/introducing-adobe-content-authenticity-free-web-app-help-creators-protect-their-work-gain-attribution-build-trust"],"note":"Product/tooling event, not broad adoption evidence.","sequence":140,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_USCO_COPYRIGHTABILITY_REPORT","title":"US Copyright Office AI report Part 2 says human authorship remains central to copyrightability","event_date":"2025-01-29","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_report","copyright","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["copyright","copyrightability","human_authorship","ai_outputs","creative_labor","provenance"],"summary":"The U.S. Copyright Office released Part 2 of its Copyright and Artificial Intelligence report on copyrightability, affirming that existing principles require human authorship while allowing protection for sufficiently human creative contributions involving AI assistance.","why":"Directly relevant to career-signal preservation: AI-assisted creative outputs may or may not protect the worker's portfolio depending on human contribution.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.copyright.gov/newsnet/2025/1060.html"],"secondary":["https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-Artificial-Intelligence-Part-2-Copyrightability-Report.pdf"],"note":"Do not oversimplify as 'AI art never protected'; the report preserves human-authorship pathways.","sequence":141,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_THOMSON_REUTERS_ROSS_AI_COPYRIGHT_RULING","title":"Thomson Reuters wins key AI copyright fair-use ruling against ROSS Intelligence","event_date":"2025-02-11","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_ruling","copyright","legal_ai","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["copyright","fair_use","legal_ai","training_data","westlaw","ross_intelligence","provenance"],"summary":"A Delaware federal judge held on summary judgment that ROSS Intelligence infringed Thomson Reuters' copyrights in Westlaw headnotes used for an AI-powered legal research competitor and rejected fair use as a matter of law.","why":"Major professional-domain provenance signal: curated professional knowledge assets can retain protected value against AI training/reuse in direct competitive settings.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.ded.uscourts.gov/sites/ded/files/opinions/20-613_5.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.reuters.com/legal/thomson-reuters-wins-ai-copyright-fair-use-ruling-against-one-time-competitor-2025-02-11/"],"note":"Strong A-level court ruling; legal context is professional/legal research, not all AI training.","sequence":142,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_USCO_GENERATIVE_AI_TRAINING_REPORT","title":"US Copyright Office releases Part 3 pre-publication report on generative-AI training","event_date":"2025-05-09","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["policy_report","copyright","training_data","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["copyright","training_data","fair_use","generative_ai","policy_report","provenance","creative_labor"],"summary":"The U.S. Copyright Office released a pre-publication Part 3 report on generative-AI training, addressing use of copyrighted works to develop generative AI systems.","why":"Adds a policy-level anchor for training-data provenance and market-substitution risk, central to signal preservation in creative and knowledge professions.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.copyright.gov/policy/artificial-intelligence/"],"secondary":["https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-Artificial-Intelligence-Part-3-Generative-AI-Training-Report-Pre-Publication-Version.pdf"],"note":"Pre-publication version; track final version separately if released.","sequence":143,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_BARTZ_ANTHROPIC_FAIR_USE_SPLIT","title":"Bartz v. Anthropic ruling treats AI training on lawfully acquired books as fair use but not retention of pirated copies","event_date":"2025-06-23","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_ruling","copyright","training_data","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["copyright","fair_use","anthropic","books","training_data","pirated_books","provenance","creative_labor"],"summary":"In Bartz v. Anthropic, the court held that using lawfully acquired books for LLM training was fair use, while retaining pirated copies for a library was not protected in the same way.","why":"Nuanced provenance/IP signal: source legitimacy and retention practices matter separately from model training itself, affecting how creators' signals are protected.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://copyrightalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Bartz-v.-Anthropic-Order.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.ropesgray.com/en/insights/alerts/2025/06/from-books-to-bots-key-takeaways-from-the-anthropic-fair-use-decision"],"note":"Use carefully: this is a split ruling, not blanket permission for all AI training uses.","sequence":144,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_KADREY_META_FAIR_USE_RULING","title":"Kadrey v. Meta court grants Meta partial summary judgment on fair use for AI training record before it","event_date":"2025-06-25","update_date":"2026-05-03","region":["US"],"type":["legal_ruling","copyright","training_data","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["copyright","fair_use","meta","llama","books","training_data","provenance","creative_labor"],"summary":"In Kadrey v. Meta, the court granted Meta's cross-motion for partial summary judgment on fair use on the record presented, while commentary emphasized the ruling's fact-specific limits.","why":"Adds counterweight to Thomson Reuters and Bartz: courts are producing divergent, fact-specific signals about whether training-data use preserves or erodes creators' market value.","dimensions":["D08_industry_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/california/candce/3%3A2023cv03417/415175/598/"],"secondary":["https://www.authorsalliance.org/2025/06/26/meta-wins-on-fair-use-for-now-but-court-leaves-door-open-for-market-dilution/"],"note":"Do not generalize beyond the evidence record; court noted plaintiffs' market-harm theory could matter in a better-developed case.","sequence":145,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_plus"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_OPENAI_AI_CLASSIFIER_LAUNCH","title":"OpenAI launches AI Text Classifier with explicit warnings that it is not fully reliable","event_date":"2023-01-31","update_date":"2023-07-20","region":["global"],"type":["product_launch","ai_detector","education","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","ai_detector","text_classifier","academic_integrity","false_positive","provenance"],"summary":"OpenAI released an AI Text Classifier and disclosed major limitations: on its English challenge set it identified 26% of AI-written text as likely AI-written and incorrectly labeled 9% of human-written text as AI-written. The same page was later updated to say the classifier was retired on July 20, 2023 due to low accuracy.","why":"Establishes that the detector rollback was already foreshadowed at launch: the tool was explicitly positioned as imperfect and not suitable as a primary decision-making mechanism.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://openai.com/index/new-ai-classifier-for-indicating-ai-written-text/"],"secondary":[],"note":"Pair with SIG_2023_OPENAI_AI_CLASSIFIER_RETIRED. This is not a separate contradiction; it shows launch-time caveating followed by retirement after classroom uptake.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":146,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_IB_CHATGPT_CITATION_NOT_BAN_POLICY","title":"International Baccalaureate rejects a ChatGPT ban and treats AI output as citeable source material","event_date":"2023-03-01","region":["global"],"type":["education_policy","academic_integrity","ai_use_policy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["education","IB","chatgpt","citation","academic_integrity","ai_literacy","provenance"],"summary":"The International Baccalaureate stated that it would not ban AI software, arguing that bans are an ineffective response to innovation, and instead required use to align with academic-integrity rules and attribution practices.","why":"Contrasts with detector-first responses: IB framed the provenance problem as citation/transparency and assessment redesign rather than pure detection.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://ibo.org/news/news-about-the-ib/statement-from-the-ib-about-chatgpt-and-artificial-intelligence-in-assessment-and-education/"],"secondary":["https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/27/chatgpt-allowed-international-baccalaureate-essays-chatbot"],"note":"Useful counterexample: not all institutions responded with bans or detectors; some shifted to attribution and AI literacy.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":147,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_SADASIVAN_AI_TEXT_DETECTION_UNRELIABLE","title":"Sadasivan et al. stress-test finds AI-generated text detection vulnerable to paraphrasing and spoofing","event_date":"2023-03-17","region":["global"],"type":["research_publication","ai_detector","provenance"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A/B","tags":["ai_detector","watermarking","paraphrasing","evasion","spoofing","academic_integrity","provenance"],"summary":"Sadasivan et al. argued empirically and theoretically that AI-text detectors are unreliable in practical adversarial settings: recursive paraphrasing can reduce detection rates while preserving quality, and watermark-like signatures can be vulnerable to spoofing attacks.","why":"Adds the adversarial-mechanics layer beneath the education events: detector failure is not only a false-positive issue but also an evasion and spoofing problem.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A4_signal_preservation","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11156","https://openreview.net/forum?id=NvSwR4IvLO"],"secondary":[],"note":"Research signal; not tied to one institutional deployment. Useful as mechanism evidence for the detector-collapse narrative.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":148,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_TEXAS_AM_CHATGPT_FALSE_ACCUSATION","title":"Texas A&M-Commerce professor uses ChatGPT as detector and falsely accuses students of AI cheating","event_date":"2023-05-17","region":["US"],"type":["education_incident","false_accusation","academic_integrity"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["education","chatgpt","false_positive","academic_integrity","student_harm","provenance"],"summary":"A Texas A&M University-Commerce instructor accused a class of using ChatGPT after asking ChatGPT whether it had written student work. Reports said students' grades or graduation status were affected until the claims were revisited.","why":"Early concrete harm signal: in the absence of reliable provenance tools, educators improvised with unreliable model self-reporting, creating credential-risk for students.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/05/18/texas-professor-threatened-fail-class-chatgpt-cheating/","https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/texas-am-chatgpt-ai-professor-flunks-students-false-claims-1234736601/","https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2023/05/22/professor-falsely-students-of-chatgpt-plagiarism/"],"note":"Code as medium-high because reporting is strong but not a formal court/regulatory record. The key signal is not Turnitin-specific; it is provenance panic and unreliable detection practice.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":149,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2023_TURNITIN_FALSE_POSITIVE_RATES_BLOG","title":"Turnitin publishes false-positive guidance for AI-writing detection and tells instructors not to treat scores as conclusions","event_date":"2023-06-14","region":["global"],"type":["vendor_guidance","ai_detector","academic_integrity"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["turnitin","ai_detector","false_positive","academic_integrity","student_assessment","provenance"],"summary":"Turnitin stated that its document-level false-positive rate was below 1% for documents with 20% or more AI writing, but sentence-level false positives were around 4%, and advised educators to use highlighted text as an area of interest to start a conversation rather than draw a conclusion.","why":"Important nuance: even pro-detector vendor guidance pushes against hard-gate use. This supports coding AI detection as a weak signal, not a credential decision layer.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.turnitin.com/blog/understanding-the-false-positive-rate-for-sentences-of-our-ai-writing-detection-capability"],"secondary":["https://www.k12dive.com/news/turnitin-false-positives-AI-detector/652221/"],"note":"Vendor evidence; useful but should be treated with vendor-bias caveat. Strong for chronology and stated limitations.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":150,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_TURNITIN_ONE_YEAR_200M_PAPERS","title":"Turnitin says its AI detector reviewed over 200 million papers in first year, flagging 22 million with substantial AI-writing signal","event_date":"2024-04-09","region":["global"],"type":["vendor_data_release","education_technology","academic_integrity"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["turnitin","ai_detector","adoption","academic_integrity","education","provenance"],"summary":"On the first anniversary of its detector, Turnitin said the tool had reviewed over 200 million papers since April 2023; over 22 million had at least 20% AI-written content and over 6 million had at least 80% AI-written content, according to Turnitin's model outputs.","why":"Balances the rollback narrative: institutional adoption did not vanish after Vanderbilt/OpenAI; detector usage scaled massively while reliability and fairness concerns persisted.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":["https://www.turnitin.com/press/turnitin-first-anniversary-ai-writing-detector","https://www.turnitin.com/blog/turnitin-celebrates-one-year-for-ai-writing-detection"],"secondary":["https://www.wired.com/story/student-papers-generative-ai-turnitin/"],"note":"Counts are detector outputs, not verified misconduct. Use as adoption/load signal, not ground truth about cheating prevalence.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":151,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_READING_AI_EXAM_INFILTRATION_STUDY","title":"University of Reading blind test finds AI exam submissions mostly undetected and often higher-scoring","event_date":"2024-06-26","region":["UK"],"type":["research_publication","education","academic_integrity"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"A","tags":["education","assessment","ai_cheating","human_detection","online_exam","provenance"],"summary":"Scarfe et al. published a PLOS ONE blind real-world test injecting AI-written submissions into a university examination system. The university reported that experienced markers struggled to spot the AI submissions; summaries of the study report that 94% went undetected and AI answers often scored higher than real student answers.","why":"Shifts the story from automated detectors to human judgment: instructors also struggle to preserve authorship provenance in remote/open digital assessment settings.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0305354","https://www.reading.ac.uk/news/2024/Research-News/AI-generated-exam-answers-go-undetected-in-real-world-blind-test"],"secondary":["https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1048877","https://www.theguardian.com/education/article/2024/jun/26/researchers-fool-university-markers-with-ai-generated-exam-papers"],"note":"Not an AI-detector evaluation only; evaluates exam-system infiltration and human-marker detection. Complements detector false-positive cases with false-negative/undetected-use evidence.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":152,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_TURNITIN_UNDER_20_SCORE_SUPPRESSION","title":"Turnitin suppresses AI-writing scores below 20% to reduce false-positive misinterpretation","event_date":"2024-07-08","update_date":"2026-03-06","region":["global"],"type":["product_policy_change","ai_detector","academic_integrity"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["turnitin","ai_detector","threshold","false_positive","academic_integrity","provenance"],"summary":"Turnitin's AI Writing Report guide says scores below 20% are no longer surfaced; instead, an asterisk is shown because percentages between 0 and 19 have a higher incidence of false positives. The guide notes that reports generated before July 8, 2024 may still show numerical scores below 20%. ","why":"This is a concrete product-level retreat from precise detector scoring: the vendor moved from exposing low percentages to suppressing them because of misinterpretation and false-positive risk.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://guides.turnitin.com/hc/en-us/articles/22774058814093-Using-the-AI-Writing-Report"],"secondary":[],"note":"Date inferred from Turnitin guide wording that pre-July-8-2024 reports may still show sub-20 scores. Treat as product-policy change, not independent validation.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":153,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_NYC_CHATGPT_BAN_REVERSAL","title":"NYC schools move from ChatGPT ban to AI-use guidance, illustrating the ban-to-literacy pivot","event_date":"2023-01-03","update_date":"2023-05-18","region":["US","NYC"],"type":["education_policy","platform_access","ai_literacy"],"confidence":"high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","chatgpt","ban","ai_literacy","school_policy","provenance"],"summary":"New York City schools blocked ChatGPT access on school networks in early January 2023 over learning and content concerns, then reversed the block in May 2023 and moved toward teaching-and-learning guidance rather than simple access denial.","why":"Shows the same institutional rhythm as detectors: first response was surface restriction; later response shifted toward governance, literacy and acceptable-use norms.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://www.chalkbeat.org/newyork/2023/1/3/23537987/nyc-schools-ban-chatgpt-writing-artificial-intelligence/","https://www.edweek.org/technology/180-degree-turn-nyc-schools-goes-from-banning-chatgpt-to-exploring-ais-potential/2023/10"],"note":"This is a policy-pivot signal, not a detector event. Useful in the broader provenance-collapse response taxonomy.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":154,"event_year":2023,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_UK_AI_CHEATING_CRISIS_FALSE_ACCUSATIONS","title":"Guardian investigation documents AI-cheating cases and false-accusation anxiety in UK universities","event_date":"2024-12-15","region":["UK"],"type":["investigation","education","academic_integrity"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","ai_detector","false_accusation","academic_integrity","student_harm","provenance"],"summary":"The Guardian reported on a UK university AI-cheating crisis in which some students admitted using AI, while others described stressful false-accusation or low-evidence academic-integrity hearings. The report also referenced evidence that human and automated detection struggle with AI-authored submissions.","why":"Provides qualitative harm layer: provenance collapse creates both cheating and suspicion harms, and detector/marker uncertainty changes student behavior even for honest students.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/dec/15/i-received-a-first-but-it-felt-tainted-and-undeserved-inside-the-university-ai-cheating-crisis"],"note":"Investigation, not official dataset. Use for lived-experience and institutional-process stress-test, not prevalence estimate.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":155,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_ACU_TURNITIN_ROBO_CHEATING_SCANDAL","title":"Australian Catholic University stops using Turnitin AI indicator after mass false-accusation controversy","event_date":"2025-10-08","update_date":"2025-03-01","region":["Australia"],"type":["education_incident","academic_integrity","ai_detector","false_accusation"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","turnitin","false_positive","student_harm","academic_integrity","provenance"],"summary":"ABC reported that Australian Catholic University had abandoned Turnitin's AI-detection tool in March 2025 after finding it ineffective; students described wrongful or prolonged AI-misconduct accusations and stress around investigations.","why":"A larger-scale institutional rollback than Vanderbilt: demonstrates that AI detection can become a credential-harm mechanism when used in high-volume academic misconduct workflows.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-10-09/artificial-intelligence-cheating-australian-catholic-university/105863524","https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/education/higher-education/robocheating-fiasco-saw-australian-catholic-university-students-falsely-accused-of-using-ai-by-an-unreliable-ai-tool/news-story/4a08732c84499263a709ec3bb1980802"],"note":"Reported in Oct 2025; cessation occurred in March 2025. Code event_date as public-report date and update_date as approximate cessation month.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":156,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_TURNITIN_CLARITY_PROCESS_PROVENANCE","title":"Turnitin introduces Clarity, shifting from output-only detection toward writing-process provenance","event_date":"2025-03-04","update_date":"2025-07-15","region":["global"],"type":["product_launch","process_provenance","education_technology"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["turnitin","clarity","process_provenance","version_history","ai_literacy","academic_integrity"],"summary":"Turnitin announced Clarity, a composition/workflow product giving educators visibility into writing-process evolution and approved AI use. Axios described it as a canvas for students to show their work; Turnitin later positioned it as bringing transparency and responsible AI to the writing process.","why":"Marks a second-order response to detector failure: rather than infer origin from final text alone, institutions move toward process evidence, version history and controlled AI-assistance environments.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A4_signal_preservation","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.turnitin.com/blog/turnitin-clarity-bringing-transparency-to-the-student-writing-process","https://www.turnitin.com/press/turnitin-delivers-turnitin-clarity"],"secondary":["https://www.axios.com/2025/03/04/turnitin-students-teachers-ai-canvas"],"note":"Vendor product signal; use as institutional response category, not proof of efficacy.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":157,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_CHINA_GAOKAO_AI_TOOL_FREEZE","title":"Chinese AI tools temporarily disable image/question functions during gaokao exams","event_date":"2025-06-09","region":["CN"],"type":["platform_policy","education","exam_integrity"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["china","gaokao","education","ai_cheating","platform_restriction","physical_surface_reduction","provenance"],"summary":"During the 2025 gaokao, Chinese AI services including Qwen, Doubao, Kimi and Tencent Yuanbao reportedly restricted or paused image-recognition and exam-question-answering functions during exam hours to preserve test fairness.","why":"A non-Western parallel to blue books/phone bans: when provenance cannot be reliably inferred, institutions and platforms reduce the AI-access surface during high-stakes credentialing.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["cn_ru_task_vector","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://www.ithome.com/0/859/550.htm"],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/news/682737/china-shuts-down-ai-chatbots-exam-season","https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jun/09/chinese-tech-firms-freeze-ai-tools-exam-cheats-universities-gaokao","https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-06-09/alibaba-tencent-freeze-ai-tools-during-high-stakes-china-exam"],"note":"Not clear whether restrictions were voluntary platform policy or state-directed. Code as platform/exam-integrity signal with medium-high confidence.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":158,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_UK_AI_CHEATING_CASES_GUARDIAN_SURVEY","title":"Guardian survey finds confirmed AI-cheating cases rising sharply across UK universities","event_date":"2025-06-15","region":["UK"],"type":["investigation","education_data","academic_integrity"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B","tags":["education","ai_cheating","academic_integrity","university","provenance","assessment"],"summary":"A Guardian investigation reported nearly 7,000 confirmed UK university AI-cheating cases in 2023-24, up from 1.6 to 5.1 cases per 1,000 students year-on-year, while many universities still did not separately track AI misuse.","why":"Adds prevalence pressure: even if detectors are unreliable, institutions face rising confirmed misconduct, explaining why crude provenance-restoration mechanisms keep reappearing.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://www.theguardian.com/education/2025/jun/15/thousands-of-uk-university-students-caught-cheating-using-ai-artificial-intelligence-survey"],"note":"Survey/investigation data; use as trend signal, not fully harmonized official statistics.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":159,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2024_OPENAI_TEXT_WATERMARK_NONDEPLOYMENT_REPORT","title":"Reporting says OpenAI held back ChatGPT text watermarking despite internal readiness concerns","event_date":"2024-08-04","region":["global"],"type":["investigation","watermarking","provenance"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["openai","watermarking","text_provenance","academic_integrity","user_adoption","provenance"],"summary":"The Verge reported that OpenAI had developed a ChatGPT text-watermarking method and detection tool but had not deployed it, citing concerns including user impact and the fragility of text watermarking compared with alternatives such as metadata.","why":"Useful boundary case: even provenance-preserving technical methods can stall when product incentives, user behavior and robustness concerns collide.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A4_signal_preservation","A5_credential_portability","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://www.theverge.com/2024/8/4/24213268/openai-chatgpt-text-watermark-cheat-detection-tool"],"note":"Single-source reporting; code as medium confidence and not as confirmed product policy. Complements Sadasivan/evasion concerns and C2PA/SynthID adoption signals.","narrative_cluster":"AI_detection_wars","sequence":160,"event_year":2024,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_v0_3_deep_ai_detection_wars"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_RATIONALFX_TECH_LAYOFFS_AI_AUTOMATION","title":"RationalFX early-2026 tracker frames tech layoffs as on pace to exceed 2025","event_date":"2026-02-13","region":["global","US"],"type":["labor_market_data","layoffs","AI_automation_context"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["tech_layoffs","automation","ai_adoption","global_context","rationalfx"],"summary":"RationalFX-linked reporting counted about 30,700 global tech layoffs in the first six weeks / early 2026, about 24,600 of them in the US, and framed 2026 as potentially exceeding 2025 if the pace continued; 2025 AI/automation-linked cuts were estimated at about 69,840 / 28.5%.","why":"Provides macro context for Oracle/Softline/Sber: AI-linked layoffs are not only direct role substitution but a budget, automation and capital-allocation frame across the sector.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://technode.global/2026/02/13/tech-sector-layoffs-reach-30700-just-6-weeks-into-2026-on-track-to-surpass-2025s-job-cuts-rationalfx/","https://www.business-standard.com/industry/news/over-30-000-tech-jobs-cut-globally-in-first-two-months-of-2026-report-126021300972_1","https://3dnews.ru/1135097/tehnologicheskiy-sektor-lishilsya-bolee-240-tis-sotrudnikov-v-2025-godu"],"note":"Use as frame only: not official labor statistics, not January-only, and AI/automation attribution is based on tracker/reporting categories.","narrative_cluster":"B5_russian_it_labor","sequence":161,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_stable_v1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_SOFTLINE_AI_STAFF_OPTIMIZATION","title":"Softline cuts about 800 staff while citing AI-linked efficiency gains","event_date":"2026-05-22","region":["RU"],"type":["layoffs","AI_efficiency","workforce_reallocation"],"confidence":"medium_high","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["softline","russia_it","layoffs","ai_efficiency","software_development","testing","post_merger_integration"],"summary":"CNews and company-linked disclosures show Softline headcount falling from about 11.1k in Q1 2025 to 10.3k by 31 March 2026, roughly 800 fewer employees, while Q1 2026 turnover grew 5% YoY. Management tied optimization partly to AI in routine processes including development and testing, M&A integration and performance assessment.","why":"Local Russian analogue to Oracle: the internal Russian door narrows through the same efficiency / AI-reallocation language, not only through sanctions or foreign-market closure.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D07_industry_exit","D08_industry_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":["https://softline.ru/upload/files/Softline_1Q25_Final.pdf"],"secondary":["https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/2026-05-21_pao_softlajn_obyavlyaet","https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2026-05-22_rossijskij_it-gigant_radikalno"],"note":"Code as AI-era efficiency / restructuring signal. AI is one named factor among several; avoid one-for-one replacement wording.","narrative_cluster":"B5_russian_it_labor","sequence":162,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_stable_v1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_SBER_AI_EFFICIENCY_LAYOFFS","title":"Sber publicly frames personnel cuts through AI-identified inefficiency","event_date":"2025-11-19","update_date":"2026-02-11","region":["RU"],"type":["layoffs","algorithmic_management","corporate_self_disclosure"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["sber","gref","putin","algorithmic_management","layoffs","ai_efficiency","russia_it"],"summary":"At AI Journey, Herman Gref said Sber had cut almost / up to 20% of personnel identified as inefficient with AI assistance. Putin replied that there are no inefficient employees, only employees management worked with poorly; later reporting said the cuts and perceived competition with AI became a shock inside Sber.","why":"Rare public allocator case: an AI-assisted employee-evaluation process becomes a responsibility dispute about whether the algorithm or management owns the human consequence.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D05_lateral_professional_exit","D07_industry_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A6_labor_market_liquidity","A7_institutional_constraints"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://tass.ru/ekonomika/25672541","https://www.rbc.ru/finances/19/11/2025/691e05f39a7947863a9cc7d8","https://ria.ru/20251119/gref-2056146460.html","https://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/news/2026/02/11/1175604-sberbank-vnedreniya-ii"],"note":"Do not claim 20% of all Sber employees without filing-level confirmation; strongest fact is the public first-person statement and the responsibility dispute.","narrative_cluster":"B5_russian_it_labor","sequence":163,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_stable_v1"}
{"id":"SIG_2025_POSITIVE_TECH_QUIET_RESTRUCTURING","title":"Positive Technologies reports show quiet restructuring without confirmed AI causality","event_date":"2025-02-02","region":["RU"],"type":["layoffs","quiet_restructuring","cybersecurity_labor"],"confidence":"medium_low","evidence_level":"B/C","tags":["positive_technologies","cybersecurity","quiet_layoffs","russia_it","restructuring"],"summary":"CNews and employee/union-linked reports described layoffs at Positive Technologies, including a first wave around 150-300 people and possible total reductions around 500, while the company framed the process as internal transformation and profitability discipline.","why":"Shows the visibility problem around Russian IT reductions: not every workforce cut appears as formal redundancy, even in high-demand cybersecurity.","dimensions":["D07_industry_exit","D09_employment_form_exit"],"agency":["A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["industry_reentry_signal_preservation_metric"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2025-02-02_v_krupnoj_ib-kompanii_s_milliardnoj","https://ruitunion.org/tags/positive-technologies/"],"note":"Not an AI-causality event. Keep as quiet-restructuring / measurement-visibility signal.","narrative_cluster":"B5_russian_it_labor","sequence":164,"event_year":2025,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_stable_v1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_RU_IT_JUNIOR_SQUEEZE_AI_MARKET","title":"Russian IT junior squeeze hardens as vacancies fall and AI raises entry-level bar","event_date":"2026-02-11","update_date":"2026-05-13","region":["RU"],"type":["labor_market_data","junior_squeeze","AI_labor_market"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["russia_it","junior","entry_level","ai_competition","employer_market","vacancies","salary_stagnation"],"summary":"Russian IT labor-market reporting in 2025-2026 describes fewer vacancies, more resumes per vacancy, a shift toward an employer market, and stronger demand for AI/ML, cybersecurity, DevOps/SRE and experienced candidates, leaving junior developers exposed to both budget tightening and AI-enabled productivity expectations.","why":"This is the entry-door mechanism for Biography 5: the new developer is squeezed before career signal can form.","dimensions":["D05_lateral_professional_exit","D06_lateral_professional_return"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A3_adaptability_self_efficacy","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["integrated_agency_validation","individual_panel_for_employment_form_return"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://tproger.ru/articles/kogo-vozmut-na-rabotu-v-2026--razbor-it-rynka-posle-sokrashhenij","https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/8381259","https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/2026-02-11_rost_zarplat_v_it_ostanovilsya","https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2026-05-13_rost_it-zarplat_zamedlilsya"],"note":"Exact resumes-per-vacancy values are secondary/aggregated; use as directionally robust junior-squeeze signal, not official hh.ru microdata.","narrative_cluster":"B5_russian_it_labor","sequence":165,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_stable_v1"}
{"id":"SIG_2026_RU_IT_WAGE_POLARIZATION_AI_ML_PREMIUM","title":"Russian IT wages polarize as aggregate growth slows but AI/ML and security remain expensive","event_date":"2026-05-13","region":["RU"],"type":["labor_market_data","salary_polarization","skill_premium"],"confidence":"medium","evidence_level":"B","tags":["russia_it","salary","ai_ml","cybersecurity","devops","skill_premium","shortage_with_layoffs"],"summary":"CNews/SuperJob-linked reporting said Russian IT salary growth slowed to about 4.1% YoY, below inflation, while AI/ML engineers, cybersecurity specialists, DevOps/SRE and data roles continued to command stronger salary bands.","why":"Supports the asymmetry claim: the market can cut people and still pay more for scarce frontier skills, so shortage and layoffs coexist.","dimensions":["D03_vertical_exit","D04_vertical_return","D05_lateral_professional_exit"],"agency":["A1_skills_capital","A3_adaptability_self_efficacy","A6_labor_market_liquidity"],"residual_gaps":["vertical_return_track_switch_stigma_quantification","integrated_agency_validation"],"primary":[],"secondary":["https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2026-05-13_rost_it-zarplat_zamedlilsya","https://www.cnews.ru/news/line/2026-02-11_rost_zarplat_v_it_ostanovilsya","https://tproger.ru/articles/kogo-vozmut-na-rabotu-v-2026--razbor-it-rynka-posle-sokrashhenij"],"note":"Salary levels vary by city, grade and stack; use for directional polarization, not a single national pay scale.","narrative_cluster":"B5_russian_it_labor","sequence":166,"event_year":2026,"schema_version":"profgames_ai_signals_stable_v1"}